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Articles of Confederation
American political leaders adopted a weak national government at the end of the Revolutionary War because they feared a strong central government like that of England. -
Critical Period
Time period during which the U.S was under the Articles of Confederation. 1781-1788 -
Land Ordinance of 1785
During the critical period a plan for suveying the western lands was established. -
Annapolis Convention
Five states showed up to settle disputes among states over commerce. -
Constitutional Convention
Took place in Philadelphia, in 1787. Leaders were George Washington and James Madison. Two plans were made, the Virginia plan, and the New Jersey plan. Also consisted of key compromises. -
Shay's Rebellion
Debt-ridden farmers in Massachusetts rebel due to high taxes. -
The Great Compromise
Created 2-house congress. The senate and House of representatives. It balanced power between large and small states. -
3/5ths Compromise
Said that slaves counted at 3/5ths of a person when determining a state's representation in House of Reps. This placated southern states. -
Northwest Ordinance 1787
Provided the process for the creation and admission of new states. -
Washington's Presidency
1789-1797, Washington was the first president of the U.S. He took part in setting up the government and 3 executive departments were created, departments of state, treasury, and war. -
Judiciary Act of 1789
This set up the court system. -
Bill of Rights signed
Written by James Madison, to set limits on government actions in reguard to personal liberties. -
Cotton gin
Invernted by Eli Whitley. It made cotton-growing very profitable. -
Adam's Presidency
Major issues/Events included the Alien and sedition acts and undeclared war with France. Adams ordered the American navy to start attacking French ships. -
Jefferson's Presidency
3rd president of the U.S. Defeated John Adams. Spokesman for democracy and the rights of man. -
Marbury vs. Madison
A court case where Marshall declared a law unconstitutional. It established the power of judicial review. -
Louisanna Purchase
Jefferson bought this land from France. It doubled the size of the U.S. Included land from the Mississippi river to the Rocky mountains. -
War of 1812
War with Britain, caused by british interference with american shipping and british aid to indians in the west. -
McCulloch vs. Maryland
A court case where Marshall upheld the federal governments right to establish a bank. It said a state couldnt tax the bank due to national sumpremacy. -
Age of the common man
This was a time period between the 1820's and the 1850's. During this period there was increased empahsis on equality of voting, a rise of interest groups, a rise of sectional tensions, new campaign styles, and increased voter participation. -
Missouri Compromise
Divided the LA purchase at 36', 30'. It maintained balance of slave and free states. North of line: free
South of line: Slave -
Gibbons vs. Ogden
A court case where the court overturned a steamboat monopoly. It confirmed the federal governments power over commerce. -
Monroe Doctrine
Written by president Monroe. It warned Europe against future colonization, interference in any independent country in the western hemisphere. -
Jackson's Presidency
Andrew Jackson personfied the "democratic" spirit of age. He challenged the economic elite and created the Spoils System. -
Indian Removal Act of 1830
Jackson passed this law at his request. It forced all indians east of the mississippi river to move to indian territory. -
Battle of the Alamo
This is where texans fortified themselves. The mexican general Santa anna attacked with superior forces. They fought until their last man died. -
Reservation System
Indians were forced off their lands onto smaller and smaller reservations. -
Uncle Tom's Cabin
A book that portrayed the evils of slavery and increased support in the North for abolition. Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe. -
Dred Scott Case
A slave named Dred Scot sued for freedom after being taken into free territory by his owner. -
Election of 1860
Main issue was slavery.Abraham, a republican, won. -
Battle of Fort Sumter
First battle of the Civil War. Confederates fired on Union ships that were there to resupply Fort Sumter. -
Battle of Antietam
When Lee went north, and lost at Antietam, Maryland. The effect was Lincoln issuing the Emancipation Proclamation. -
Emancipation Proclamation
A proclamation issued by Lincoln that freed slaves from "rebelling" states. -
Battle of Gettysburg
A 3-day battle that lee pushed north into Pennsylvania. Lee had to retreat. -
Battle of Vicksburg
May18th- July 4th, 1863. Took place in Mississippi, Grant won and it split the confederacy in half. -
Dawes act
the goal was to americanize the indians. It broke reservations and divided them into individual poles. -
Boxer Rebellion
Made by chinese "Boxers". Their goal was to remove foreign influence. -
Spanish-american war
A war in 1898 between Spain and the United states. -
Treaty of Paris 1898
The U.S, annexed Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. Cuba became free. -
Spanish American War
Cubans rebelled against spanish rule. The U.S. defeated the spanish. -
Treaty of Paris
U.S annexed Puerto rico, Guam, and philippines. -
Platt Amendment
U.S. asserted the right to intervene in Cuban affairs. -
Roosevelt Corollary
Was added to the Monroe Doctrine, reminded Europe not to interfere. It said the U.S would use force to protect its interests in Latin America. -
WW1
War betweeen the allies and the central powers. -
Panama Canal
Panama gave the U.S the rights to build a canal, it connected the Alantic and Pacific. -
U.S enters WW1
Reasons for entering were German submarine warfare, zimmermann telegram, and u.s had close ties to Great Brittain. -
Selective service act WW2
Drafted 10 million men into the military. -
14 points
Woodrow Wilson's peace plan. His goal was to eliminate the causes of war. -
Julius and Ethel Rosenburg
Spies, that gave atomis secrets to the soviets. -
Treaty of Versailes
Included the following main points, the punishment of germany, mandates, national bounaries were drawn, and league of nations. -
Harlem rennisance
Explosion of black intellectual and culture life. -
Scopes trial
John scopes was a teacher tried for teaching evolution. -
Great depression
Time of severe economic hardship in the U.S. from 1929-1949. -
Great migration
African americans moved from the rural during 1910-1930. -
dust bowl
Horrible drought on the Great plains. -
Wagner act
Protected workers rights to form unions and engage in collective bargaining. -
New deal
FDR's program to deal with the depression -
Fair Labor Standards act
Set maximum work hours and minimum wages. -
Social security act
Biggest new deal prgram. Provided safegaurds people with disabilities and unemployment compensation. -
Non- agression pact
Stalin and hitler agree not to attack eachother -
Germany invades russia
most powerful force in history. 3 million germans invaded russia -
Pearl Harbor
The attack on Pearl harbor by the japanse troops. -
miracle of midway
The U.S navy beat a larger japanese force. -
D-Day
The normandy invasion where the allies landed in Germany occupied France. -
Battle of the Bulge
German counter offense, the allies soon recovered. -
CLO
A union. Collateralized loan obligation. -
Cold war
The uneasy peace after WW2 between the U.S and the soviet union. -
V-E day
Victory in europe. Germany surrendered. -
Hiroshima A-bomb
An atomic bomb. -
Nuremburg Trials
Post war trials of nazis for war crimes in the holacaust. -
Marshall plan
Massive U.S financial aid package to rebuild Europe's economy. -
Berlin airlift
Ghe soviets blockaded West Berlin, so the U.S flew in supplies. -
Korean war
Divided korea into north- communist and south- democratic. -
Eisenhower
President elected in 1952 -
Warsaw pact
Alliance among soviet union and east european countires. -
U2 incident
Francis gary powers was shot down while spying over the soviet union. -
Berlin wall
Wall that cut of west berlin from east berlin and east germany -
Cuban missille crisis
The soviets stationed nuclear missilles in cuba. -
Open door policy
Gave all nations equal trading rights in China. The goal was to end U.S/ European competition.
