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US/VA Gomez Timeline
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Jamestown
Formed by the Virginia Company of London...First permanent English settlement...Became Virginia -
House of Burgesses
1st Elected Assembly in the New World...Still operates today as the General Assembly -
Start of Slavery
1st slaves came in Jamestown...weren't used much at first...by 1700's most labor needs were filled by the forcible imprtation of Africans -
Mayflower Compact
Document where they agreed to obre laws created for the general good...Pledged loyalty to God and the King...Created a covenant community(a community based on the promises found in the Mayflower Compact) -
French and Indian War
English(Anglo) and American colonies fought France and Indians...England won...Fight was over who got land west of thte Appalachians and in Canada -
Treaty of Paris
The signing of this treaty ended the French and Indian War -
Proclamation of 1763
England prohibited colonists from setling west of the appalachians...because it cost alot to protect colonists from Indian attacks there...this angered colonists that wanted to move there -
Stamp Act
Placed on legal documents...a tax -
Boston Massacre
Colonist and British soldiers in Boston competed over jobs...Mob of anti British...British fired into mob... 5 colonists died -
Boston Tea Party
England put taxes on tea... angered colonists... colonists dumped tea in an act of boycotting -
1st Continental Congress
Meeting of all 13 colonies except Georgia...like a unified country -
Lexington and Concord
British troops attacked a colnial weapon stockpile...minutemen assembled...fighting erupted -
2nd Continental Congress
Created the Continental army...George Washington was general -
Declaration of Independence
Issued by Continental Congress...Written by Thomas Jefferson...Colonies officially seperated from England -
Articles of Confederation
The 13 newly independent states united into 1 country -
Yorktown
Fought between the British and the Americans & French -
Critical Period
Time period during which the United States was under the Articles of Confederation -
The Treaty of Paris
Ended the American Revolutionary War between Great Britain and The United States of America -
Land Ordinance of 1785
established a plan for surveying the western lands -
Annapolis Convention
Called to settle disputes among states over commerce -
Constitutional Convention
Held in Philadelphia...Led by George Washington and Thomas Jefferson -
The Great Compromise
Created 2-house Congress...Senate and House of Representatives -
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
Provided the process for the creation and admission of new states -
Shay's Rebellion
Debt-Ridde farmers in Massachusettes rebel due to high taxes -
3/5ths Compromise
slaves counted as 3/5ths of a person when determining a state's representation in House of Reps. -
Judiciary Act of 1789
Set up the court system...3 executive departments were created: state, treasury, and war -
Period: to
Washington's Presidency
1st president of the United States of America -
Bill of Rights Signed
The Bill of Rights was signed...1st 10 Amendments...Deals with Rights and Liberty...Wrutten by James Madison -
Cotton GIn
Invented by Eli Whitney...made cotton growing very profitable -
Adam's Presidency
John Adams defeated Thomas Jefferson...Made the Alien and Sedition Acts...made undeclared war with France -
Jefferson's Presidency
Thomas Jefferson defeated John Adams...Important because it was the 1st peaceful transfer of power from one party to another -
Gabe Prosser Revolt
Famous slave revolt...happened in Richmond, VA -
Marbury vs. Madison
Marshall declared a law unconstitutional...Important because it established the law of judicial review -
Lousianna Purchase
Jefferson bought this land from France...It doubled the size of the U.S....Included land from the Mississippi RIver to the Rocky Mountains -
War of 1812
Caused by British interference with American shipping and British aid to Indians in the West -
McCulloch vs. Maryland
Marshall upheld the federal gov'ts right to establish a bank...said a state couldn't tax the bank ddue to national supremecy -
Susan B. Anthony
Strong leader of the Women's Suffrage Movement -
Period: to
Age of the Common Man
Time when democracy in the U.S. expanded and more people got involved in the electoral process -
Gibbons vs. Ogden
The court overturned a steamboat monopoly...confirmed the federal gev'ts power over commerce -
Missouri Compromise
Divided Lousianna at 36`,30`...north of line was free, south of line was slave... admitted Maine as a free state, Missouri as slave, Maintained balance of slave and free states -
Monroe Doctrine
By President Monroe... Warned Europe against: further colonization in the Americas, interference in any independent coutry in the Western Hemisphere -
Period: to
Jackson's Presidency
Now more common people could vote and they liked Jackson...he personified the "democratic" spirit of the age -
Indian Removal Act of 1830
Law passed at Jackson's request...Forced all Indians east of the Mississippi River to move to Indian Territory (present day Oklahoma) -
Nat Turner Revolt
Famous slave revolt...Happened in Southampton, VA...Led a band of 80 slaves against 4 plantations...caught and hung -
Battle of the Alamo
The Alamo was an old mission house...Texans fortfied themselves there...Mexican General Santa Anna with superior forces...They fought until their last man died -
Battle of San Jacinto
Texans won their Independence...Led by Sam Houston...Established the Republic of Texas -
U.S. Annexes Texas
The United states annexed Texas -
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Mexican War
President James Polk urged war...Wanted the Southwest...Mexico wouldn't sell...U.S. defeated Mexico easily -
Seneca Falls Convention
1st womens rights convention...held in Senca Falls, NY...Led by Elizabeth Cody Stanton...Issued the Senca Falls Declaration...Outlined women's rights and grievances -
CA Gold Rush
Gold was discovered..."49'ers" rushed to CA -
Fugitive Slave Law
Part of the compromise of 1850...Made it easier to catch runaway slaves...Many Northerners refused to enforce this law -
Compromise of 1850
Compromise entered as a free state...Southwestern territories would decide on their own -
Reservation System
Indians were forced off their lands onto smaller and smaller reservations -
Uncle Tom's Cabin
Book by Harriet Beecher Stowe...Portrayed the evils of slavery...Widely read...Increased support in the North for Abolition -
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Repealed the Missouri Compromise line by giving Kansas and Nebraska "popular sovereignty" which means they could choose -
Dred Scot Case
A slave named Dred Scot sued for freedom after being taken into free territory by his owner...The Supreme Court ruled that: African americans aren't citizens so he had no right to sue & Congress had no right to ban slavery in the territories -
Election of 1860
Main issue: slavery...Abraham Lincoln(a republican) won -
Battle of Fort Sumter
Fort Sumter was in South Carolina but it remained under Union(Northern) control...Confederates fired upon Union ships that were there to resupply Fort Sumter...This was the 1st battle of the Civil War -
Battle of Antietam
Lee went North...Lost at Antietam,MD...Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclomation -
Emancipation Proclomation
Freed slaves in the "rebelling states"...issued by Loncoln...aimed to abolish slavery...discouraged foreign intervention...lincoln started using black troops -
Battle of Vicksburg
In Mississippi...Grant wins...Cut the Confedearcy in half -
Battle of Gettysburg
Turning point of the war...Lee had to retreat...3 day battle -
Gettysburg Address
Short speech by Lincoln...dedicating a cemetary...KEY POINTS: 1.US was one nation, not seperate states 2. The war was a struggle to preserve a nation that was: dedicated to the idea that all men are created equal & based on gov't of, by, and for the people 3. War was a 2nd American Revolution -
Appomattox Court House
Lee Surrendured...Lee urged Southerners to accept surrender and unite as Americans -
Lincoln's Assassination
assassinated by John Wilkes Booth...shortly after the war -
Period: to
Reconstruction
restoring Southern states had never left...determing the position of African Americans -
13 Amendment
abolished slavery -
Reconstruction Act
Put South under military occupation -
14 Amendment
prohibited states from denying equal rights to any American...gave citizenship to blacks -
15 Amendment
voting rights for African Americans -
Knights of Labor
Founded by Uriah Stevens...A Union -
Old Immigrants
Northern and Western Europe....Germany, GB, Ireland, Norway, Sweden -
Period: to
New Immigrants
Southern and Eastern Europe...Italy, Greece, Poland, Russia, Hungary, Yugoslavia....Asia... China, Japan -
Election of 1876
between a Republican (Rutherford B. Hayes) and a Democratic (Samuel J, Tilden)...Hayes won -
Chinese Exclusion Act
Banned entry of almost all Chinese -
Haymerket Square
Knights of Labor protest in Chicago...Bomb went off near police...8 strikers convicted -
American federation of Labor
Founded by: Samuel Gompers...Craft Union: only skilled workers from multiple unions...used Collective Bargaining: unions and employers negotiate -
Dawes Act
Goal: To Americanize Indians...Broke up reservations and divided them into individual plots...Legally abolished tribes -
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
Prevented any business structure that restrained trade...Goal: outlaw trusts (monoplies)...Wasn't successful -
Assimilation Policy
plan under which Indians would be forced to adopt American culture -
Homestead Srike
Carnegie Steel Plant...Henry Frick called dective agency...major gun battle -
American Railway Union
Founded by Eugene V. Debs...Railroad workers...Industrial Union: skilled and unskilled workers from one industry -
Pullman Strike
By Pullman railroad workers...started a nationwide railroad boycott...Federal Gov't ended it -
Plessy vs. Ferguson
Supreme Court said "seperate but equal" did not violate the 14th Amendment -
Period: to
Jim Crow Laws
Established seperate facilities for whites and blacks -
Boxer Rebellion
By Chinese "Boxers"...goal was to remove foreign influence...failed -
Treaty of Paris 1898
US annexed Puerto Rico, Guam, Phillipines...Cuba became free -
Spanish-American War
Cubans rebelled agaisnt Spanish rule...US had business and strategic interests in Cuba...Yellow Journalists...The de Lome Letter...American ship USS Maine exploded outside Cuba -
Period: to
Open Door Policy
By Secretary of State John Hay...Gave all nations equal trading rights in China -
Platt Amendment
Us asserted the right to interven in Cuban affairs -
Roosevelt Corollary
TR added to the Monroe Doctrine...reminded Europe not to interfere...said US would use force to protect its interests -
Period: to
Great Migration
Many African-Americans moved from the rural south to Northern Cities -
16th Amendment
Allowed congress to issue income tax -
17th Amendment
Voters elect Senators now (not state legislatures) -
Panama Canal
Connected Atlantic to Pacific... encouraged by Teddy Roosevelt -
Federal Trade Commision Act
Creates the FTC...Invesigates business practices -
Period: to
WWI
Allies- Britain, France, Russia...Central Powers-Germany,Austria-Hungary...Stalemate developed -
Clayton Anti-Trust Act
Congress can execute ant-trust laws -
Federal Trade Commission Act
Primary statute of the Commission... prevent unfair methods of competition -
U.S. Enters WWI
United States were neutral for 3 years...Entered because of German Submarine Warfare, Zimmerman Telegram, and Close ties to Great Britain -
14 Points
Created by Woodrow Wilson...Goal: Elimanate causes of war...Key Ideas: Self-Determination, Freedom of the Sea, Mandate System, League of Nations -
19th Amendment
Women gained right to vote -
Treaty of Versailles
Punishment of Germany...Mandates....National Boundries were Redrawn....League of Nations -
18th Amendment
Banned alcohol use -
Harlem Renaissance
explosion of black intellectual and cultural life -
Progressive Movement
Early 20th century reform movement...Used the gov't to institute reforms to fix problems caused by industrialization -
Immigration Restriction Act
Put a quota on how many immigrants could come from each country...allowed more from "Old Immigrant" areas than "New Immigrant" areas...Effect: Basically ended immigration for several decades -
Scopes Trial
TN teacher John Scopes was tried for teaching evolution...trial sparked a national debate over evolution -
Period: to
Hoover
President...Believed in "Rugged Individualism"...Favored Limited Gov't -
Period: to
Great Depression
Time of severe econmic hardship in the US -
Black Tuesday
The day the stock market crashed -
CIO
a new union -
Period: to
Dust Bowl
Horrible drought on Greeat Plains during 1930's -
New Deal
Promised by Franklin D. Roosevelt -
FDIC
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation...Insured bank deposits...regulated banks -
Social Security Act
Biggest New Deal program...Provided safegaurds for workers...Disability and unemployment compensation...Old-age pensions -
Period: to
FDR
President of the United States..."we have nothing to fear, but fear itself" -
Wagner Act
Protected workers rights to form unions and engage in collective bargaining -
Fair Labor Standard Act
Set max work hours and min wages -
Non-Aggression Pact
Stalin and Hitler agreed not to attack each other -
War in Europe Begins
The final cause was when Germany invaded Poland from the west -
Selective Service Act WWII
5 million volunteers...10 million men drafted -
Pearl Harbor
Japan bombs Pearl Harbor unexpectedly -
U.S. Declares War
FDR's request...against Japan -
Germany Invades Russia
Stalled in 1942 at the Battle of Stalingrad -
Miracle of Midway
the US beat a larger Japanese force which ended the threat to Hawaii -
D-Day
Allies landed in German-occupied France -
Period: to
Battle of the Bulge
Major German counteroffensive that temporarily set back the Allies -
Korematsu vs. U.S.
Supreme Court allowed internment -
NUremburg Trials
Postwar trials of Nazis for war crimes in the Holocaust -
Period: to
Cold War
Uneasy peace after WWII, marked as rivarly between the US and the Soviet Union -
V-E Day
aka Victory in Europe Day -
Hiroshima A-Bomb
Japaneses city that was bombed...countless deaths -
Nagasaki A-Bomb
Other japanese city that was bombed -
Nagasaki A-Bomb
Japanese city...countless deaths...Japan surrendered afterwards...V-J Day -
Marshall Plan
massive US financial aid package to rebuild Europe's economies -
Berlin Airlift
The US flew in supplies to a blockaded West Berlin -
Division of Germany
East: communist...West:Democratic -
NATO
North Atlantic Treaty Organization...defesive allilance among he US and Western European countries -
Communist take over of ChIna
communism eventually spread over to China -
Korean War
North was communist...South was democratic -
Eisenhower
Pres. in 1952 and 1956 -
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
gave atomis secrets to the Soviets...electrocuted -
Warsaw Pact
alliance among Soviet Union and Eastern European countries -
Sputnik
space shuttle launched by Soviets into space -
Vietnam War
North Vietnam tried to install a communist gov't in South Vietnam by force...late 1950's - early 1960's -
JFK
President...assassinated in '63 -
U2 Incident
Francis Gary Powers was shot down while spying over the Soviet Union -
Berlin Wall
Between East and West Berlin -
Cuban Missile Crisis
Soviets stationed nuclear missiles in CUba and JFK told them not to -
JFK Assassination
Dallas TX...killed by Lee Harvey Oswald -
Election of 1968
Johnson didn't seek reelection...Nixon won -
Period: to
NIxon's Presidency
Foreign Policy...Conservatism...Watergate Scandal -
Nixon in China
Nixon visited China...was elporing the rift between China and the Soviets -
Watergate Scandal
5 men from Nixon's reelection committee got caught breaking into the Democratic Campaign HQ's -
OPEC
Org. of Petroleum Exporting Countries...raised oil prices -
End of Vietnam War
US troops left...Vietnamizationfailed...NV and SV merged -
Detente
Temporary thaw in Cold War -
Period: to
Carter's Presidency
NIxon's VP...Pardon of Nixon -
Panama Canal Treaty
Panama was given control of the Canal by Jimmy Carter -
Camp David Accords
peace talks between Egypt and Israel -
Iran Hostage Crisis
52 americans were taken hostage in Iran -
Period: to
Reagan's Presidency
Reagonomics: Large tax cuts,fewer social programs, less business regulations....Conservative Appointments...Pomoted patriotism and values -
Reagan's Berlin Wall Speech
"Mr.Gorbachev,tear down this wall" -
Moscow Summit
Nixon met with Soviet leader Brezhev...signed SALT I -
Fall of Berlin Wall
The Berlin Wall was taken down -
Soviet Union Collapse
Into Russia and 14 other countries...adopted a market economy and democracy
