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Age Of The Steamboat.
-American economic stability & influenced everyday life for over a century with transportation & trade.
-The steamboat made it easier for products & people to get to one place to another in a timely fashion. -
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New Immigration
-In 1924 congress passed a discretionary immigration law that restricted the immigration Asians & other none whites from entry in to the U.S.
-Immigrants came to America for better living, jobs, religios, freedom America restricted immigrants if they were sick not smart enough new immigrants usually lived in Chicago, NY,Boston -
Morse Code
-Developed in 1844 by Samuel Morse revolutionized long distance communication.
-Use of the telegraph was quickly accepted by people eager for a faster & easier way of sending & receiving information.
-It worked by transmitting electrical signals over a wire layered between stations. -
Homestead Act
-The purpose of this act was to have more settlements in the West.
-They offered free land (160 acres) for staying there for five years.
-People bought the land for 1.25 per acres.
-The homestead act lead to the distribution of 80 million acres of public land by 1900.
-It pushed Indians to reservations in the West. -
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Cattle Drive Era
-From Texas to the mid west in Nebraska.
-Cattle drives were send to Chicago were they slaughter them to make beef for Chicago
-Barb wire was put up by farmers to stop cattle drives from destroying their wheat crops. -
Transcontinental Railroad
-The entire nation was joined with 1776 miles of track.
-Countries were able to work together easier due to decrease travel time.
-The transcontinental railroad meant that the frontier could be extended with the greatest movement of population.
-The railroad made a wider variety of goods possible for people who lived on the frontier were able to get goods that were previously unavailable. -
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The Knights of Labor
-The knights of labor began as a labor union.
-Knights strongly supported the Chinese exclusion Act of 1882.
-A lot of strikes struck out more than 200,000 workers were on strike. Bomb exploded at a workers rani, including over thousands strikes including The Great Southwest Railroad Strike. -
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Rockefeller
-He incorporated standard oil in 1870 he built his first oil refinery near Cleveland.
-By 1882 he controlled some of 90 percent of U.S refiners and pipelines this was considered a monopoly.
-He built the Rockefeller center and donated land to the U.N headquarters. -
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Tammy Hull and Boss Tweed
-Was organized by dishonest politicians, who had two main golas; take control of the city and get the groups own candidate elected to the top jobs in the cities government.
-Tammy Hall offered help to the cities new Irish immigrants, in return for voters.
-Supported democratic party executive committee.
-Boss Tweed used power and influence to steal over 1 million dollars from New York cities book account. -
Bessemer Steel Process
-The removal of impurities f/ iron.
-The Bessemer process revolutionized steel production, decreasing cost.
-The process made steel 10x stronger than iron.
-RR went further, building grew high due to strength & low cost of steel -
Chinese Exclustionary Act.
-First law that restricted immigration into the U.S.
-The act provided an absolute 10-year ban on Chinese labor immigration.
-The act made Chinese immigrants permanent aliens by excluding them from the U.S citizenship.
-Republican Senator George Frisbe Hoar of Massachusetts described the act as "nothing less than the legalization of racial discrimination.
-Froze the Chinese community in place prevented it from growing and assimilating into the U.S society. -
Haymarket Square Riot
-A violent confrontation between police & labor protests in Chicago on May 4,1886.
-This has been associated with "may day" or international workers day.
-Riot created wide spread hysteria against immigrants.
-Riot had a lasting effect with the labor movement in the U.S.
-The riot was caused by the protest of police brutality toward the people of labor unions. -
Hull House
-1889 Jane Addams & Ellen Gates Starr founded Hull House.
-Initiated programs to address poor working condition poor sanitation and a host of other pressing problems.
-Located in a large house in Chicago.
-Turned their attention to national issues.
-Help immigrant to assimilate into America.
-Passed due to public protests.
-Right to vote(women). -
Homestead Strike
-Unfair treatment and demands for employees.
-The strike was against Andrew Carnegie & Frick.
-Pinkertion guards and the strikers fought and nine striker died & seven guards died.
-The Sheriff asked to governor to send help he sent 3,000 militia men.
-The union was broken up the owners won. -
Andrew Carnegie
-Made Carnegie steel in 1892.
-Took control of the steel Industry.
-Sold steel company to J.P Morgan.
-Wrote the Gospel of wealth (rich helped the poor)
-Founded keystone bridge company.
-Invested in oil & train cars. -
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Ellis Island
-Ellis Island arrived to New York in Dec 1894-1995.
-The Eastern European and European, the doctors were checking the immigrants for conditions such as physical disability, mental retardation and shortness of breath.
If they had any of those conditions they will be deported back to there country.
-They were poorly treated at the immigration office and they were detain for days, weeks or months. -
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Angel Island
-Held hundreds of thousands of immigrants mainly from China & Japan.
-Arriving they had to through medical exams where they were tested for various diseases they were assigned dormitory's where they were detained till interrogation process, expressing fear & frustion for months.
-They had to be U.S citizens and had to answer questions about their family history.
-Those family's that didn't pass the questing would be in jeopardy of deportation. -
17th Amendment
-17th Amendment allowed the people to choose & vote for who the state senate will be.
-The effect of the 17th amendment was direct election, which is where citizens themselves vote for who will be senator.
-Patronage- giving government jobs to the people who helped the president get elected. -
Americanization Day
-First Americanization Day was known as "Loyalty Day", was first launched on July 4,1915.
-Was launched in response to nearly two decades of increasing immigrants.
-Americans had a sore spot because of the influx of immigrants from Southern Europe.
-Business perceived wages & feared immigrants might help increase of acceptance of socialism. -
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Great Migration
-Push factor-Racial tension, violence, poverty, lynching of African Americans led to not enough money work to survive.
-Pull Factor- Job opportunities, community for African Americans development of ethic neighborhoods specifically, voting was a right.
-They moved to New York & Chicago.
- They created their own African American cities. -
Pullman Strike
-Factory wages at the company fell about 25% but the rents George Pullman charged did not decrease.
-3 thousand Pullman workers went on a "wildcat" strike that is without authorization.
-June 29, 50 thousand men had quit their jobs.
-Federal troops this enraged strikers, and rioters began stopping trains, smashing switchers, and again setting fire to anything that would burn.
-Pullman Strike was important because it was the first time a federal injection had ever been used to break up a strike.
