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Eli Whitney
Inventor of cotton gin
Cotton gin creates more need for slavery
Came up with the idea for machines with interchangeable parts -
Louisiana Purchase
Thomas Jefferson bought the territory from France
$15 million
Doubled the size of the US -
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Lewis and Clark
First American expedition to cross western US
St. Louis, Missouri to Pacific Ocean
Objective: explore and map new territory, secure land before Britain or other Europeans -
Missouri Compromise
The Missouri Compromise was a bill passed to admit Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state. This was done to keep the balance of power between the two sides. Later, in 1854 the Missouri Compromise was repealed by the Kansas-Nabraska Act. -
Monroe Doctrine
Message to European powers: do not mess with Western Hemisphere -
Erie Canal
Runs from Hudson River (Albany, NY) to Lake Erie (Buffalo, NY)
Connected eastern seaboard and western interior
New York expands economically -
The Nullification Crisis
This was when the states believed they had the rigth to not follow a law set up by the federal government, and in turn nullify the law. This idea was supported by John C. Calhoun. -
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The Grimke Sisters
The Grimke Sisters were two women, Sarah and Angelina, who were opposed to slavery. They were born to a wealthy father who sometimes made them work in the fields with the slaves. This gave them an up close view of the slaves and a hatered for the way they were treated. After their father died the two girls moved up north to get away from slavery. They became two very prominent voices in women's rights and in abolishing slavery. -
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Manifest Destiny
Americans believed that it was their destiny to expand from coast to coast
Settlers traveled toward western territory -
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Abolitionism
Movement to end slavery in America -
William Lloyd Garrison
American abolitionist, journalist, and social reformer
One of the founders of the American Anti-Slavery Society
Promoted emancipation of slaves and was a prominent voice for woman's sufferage -
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Sitting Bull
Tribal chief during years of resistance to United States government policies.Led war parties against Fort Berthold, Stevenson, and Buford and their environsFought Custard at the Battle of Little Big HornEventually Sitting Bull and 186 of his family and followers were forced to return to the United States and surrenderShot in the side and head by Standing Rock policemen Lt. Bull Head and Red Tomahawk in an attempt to arrest him when authorities feared he would join the Ghost Dance movement -
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Jefferson Davis
-Distinguisted himself early on as a lieutenant in the Blackhawk War capturing the Cheif Blackhawk himself
-December of 1845 was elected into House of Representatives
-Fought in the Mexican-American War
-Appointed Senator of Missippi in 1847
-While in Congress he tried to protect the rights of southern slave states
-Resighned from senate ofter Missippi succeeded
-Elected the President of The Confederate States of America -
Frederick Douglass
American social reformer, orator, and writer
Escaped slavery and became an abolitionist leader -
The Dred Scott Case
After being sold to another owner, that new owner moved around bringing his new slave, Dred Scott, with him. When he crossed in free territory he filed a law suite aganist his owner. He won and further pushed the country into the Civil War. -
Wilmot's Proviso
This was a law to be passed that would say that the new territories gained from Mexicio would not be slave states. However, this never passed because the Congress was evenly divided between slave and free states. This idea was proposed by David Wilmot. -
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
President of National Women's Sufferage Association
Abolitionist
Leader in the early women's movement
Declaration of Sentiments: call for women's rights -
Seneca Falls Convention
Frist women's rights convention
Declaration of Sentiments by Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Gave women equal participation in various trades, professions, and commerce (Seneca Falls Declaration) -
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Samuel Gompers
Labor union leader and key figure in American labor history
Founded the American Federation of Labor (AFL), served as the organization's president
Wanted to secure shorter hours and higher wages to emancipating labor.
Encouraged the AFL to take political action to "elect their friends" and "defeat their enemies"
World War I, openly supported war effort attempting to avoid strikes and boost morale while raising wage rates and expanding membership. -
Kansas-Nabraska Act
This repealed the Missouri Compromise. It allowed slavery in the teritory north of the 36 degrees 30 latitude. It was introduced by Senator Douglas of Illinois. This further divided the people. -
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Ida Tarbell
known as one of the leading "muckrakers" of the progressive era.
wrote many notable magazine series and biographies.
best known for her 1904 book The History of the Standard Oil Company, which was listed as No. 5 in a 1999 list by New York University of the top 100 works of 20th-century American journalism.
She became the first woman to take on Standard Oil. -
Jonh Brown's Raid
John Brown let a group of men, some black and some white, into Virginia. Their goal was to steal weapons and hurt the South. They cut telegraph wires and killed slave owners. But the raiders failed to escape back to safety. -
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Andrerw Johnson
Vice president to Lincoln Becane president after Lincoln's assassination
Mayor of town in Tennessee
Elected into the House of Representatives
VP to Lincoln for both terms
First president to be impeached
died on 31 July 1875 -
Fort Sumter
- First battle of The Civil War
- Began on April 12th, 1861 when Confederate General P.G.T. Beauregard opened fire on the Union held Fort Sumter
- Ended at 14:30 the next day with the Suurendering of Fort Sumter tho The Confederate Army
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William T. Sherman
He served as a general for the Union in the American Civil War, but had no military commander experince before the Civil War. -
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Vicksburg
- Abraham Lincon said "Vicksburg is the key to the south, and we can not bring the war to a close without that key in our pocket.
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Robert E. Lee
He graduated from West Point Military Acadmey and was second in his class. He was the Confederate cheif war general during the Americcan Civil War. -
Antietam
- Bloodiest one day battle in the American Civil War
- The Union Potomic Army first launches a series of attacks against the Confederates under the Comand of Robert E. Lee
- The Confederates the Administer a relentless Counter-Strike
- Finally the Union Army Procedes with a final assult on the Confederate Forces. -Just as The Confederatres are abut to withdrawl Reenforcements arrive thus giving the Confederates the drive they need to push back the Potomic Army.
- The battle ended in a draw
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Emancipation Proclimation
Written By Abraham Lincoln
Freeded all the slaves in the Confederate Territories
Never Passed by Congress Made through Lincoln's use of Executive power to make the proclimation -
Stonewall Jackson
He was a famouse Confederate Civil War general, second to Robert E. Lee. He dies when he was shot, accidently, by his own Confederate troops and lost an arm on May 10th in 1863. -
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Gettysburg
Bloodiest battle of the American Civil War
General Lee's troop s advanced from the south on Union Troops to the north
Location of the famous Pickett's Charge when the Confederates launced a charge with over 12,000 troops running at the Union Army -
Battle for Atlanta
Battle that tooke place during Sherman's March to the Sea
Atlanta was a major rail hub durring the Civil War, especially after the loss of Chattanoga, Tennesse.
When the union took Atlanta they further cut off help comming from the western confederate states, -
Persident Lincoln
He was the president durring the Civil War in the United States of America. He is know for his desire to save the Union and for emancipating (freeing) the slaves. He was murdered on the 16th of April before he could complete his task of rejoining the nation, but he did see the Union win the Civil War. He was killed by John Wilkes Booth at Ford's Thearter in Washington D.C. by being shot in the back of the head. -
13th Amendment
Made Slavery ilegal in all of the Unites States -
Ulysses Grant
During the second half of the Civil War, Grant was a famous war general. He later because the 18th president of the United States in the year 1869. -
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John D Rockefeller - Standard Oil Company
Refining 90% of the nation's oil.
Rockefeller's strategy was labeled horizontal integration.
Negotiate preferential rates with the railroads to eliminate competitors.
Due to control over the oil industry, Standard Oil was declared illegal by state supreme court of Ohio in 1892, dissolved in 1899.
It was reorganized as a holding company, the Standard Oil Company of NJ. United States Supreme Court ruled it also constituted an illegal monopoly and ordered the company dissolved in 1911. -
!4th Amendment
One of the three reconstruction ammendments
Gave citizenship to all people living in the United States -
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Jim Crow
Jim Crow often used to describe state and local laws in the US
mandated racial segregation in all public facilities in Southern states, with a "separate but equal" status for African Americans.
The separation in practice led to conditions for African Americans that tended to be inferior to those provided for white Americans, systematizing a number of economic, educational and social disadvantages. -
Com[romise of 1877
Compromise so that the south would peacefully accept Rutherford Haynes as president -
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Edison’s Inventions and Discoveries
Fluoroscopy - uses X-rays to take radiographs
The Stock Ticker - first electricity-based broadcast system
Kinetograph - motion picture camera
Photographic Paper
Motion Picture Patents Company - a conglomerate of nine major film studios (commonly known as the Edison Trust) -
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Electric power distribution
Edison patented a system for electricity distribution - essential to capitalize on the invention of the electric lamp.
(1880) Edison founded the Edison Illuminating Company.Established first investor-owned electric utility in 1882 on Pearl Street Station, New York City.
Edison switched on his Pearl Street generating station's electrical power distribution system
(1883) first standardized incandescent electric lighting system employing overhead wires began service in Roselle, New Jersey. -
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Chinese Exclusion Act
a United States federal law signed by Chester A. Arthur following revisions made in 1880 to the Burlingame Treaty of 1868.
Those revisions allowed the U.S. to suspend Chinese immigration, a ban that was intended to last 10 years.
This law was repealed by the Magnuson Act -
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American Federation of Labor (AFL)
One of the first federations of labor unions in the United StatesFounded in Columbus, OhioThe AFL was the largest union grouping in the United States for the first half of the 20th century(1955) AFL merged with the Congress of Industrial Organizations to form the AFL-CIOLongest lasting and most influential labor federation in the United States -
Wounded Knee
Wounded Knee Creek on the Lakota Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in South Dakota
It was the last battle of the American Indian Wars
7th Cavalry Regiment troops went the Lakota camp. Shots were fired which resulted in the 7th Cavalry's opening fire from all sides
At least 150 men, women, and children of the Lakota Sioux had been killed and 51 wounded
At least twenty troopers were awarded the coveted Medal of Honor
The site has been designated a National Historic Landmark -
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ELLIS ISLAND - HISTORY
First Fed. immigration station by President Harrison in 1890
Samuel Ellis became island's private owner in 1770's
Pre-immigration station, Ellis Island played a military role in US history.
Individual states regulated immigration into the US (Prior to 1890)
Federal gov’t constructed a Fed-operated immigration station on Ellis Island.
(1897) Ellis Island immigration station burned to the ground.
(1965) President Johnson declared Ellis Island part of the Statue of Liberty National Monument -
Pullman Strike
nationwide conflict in the summer of 1894 between the new American Railway Union (ARU) and railroads
shut down much of the nation's freight and passenger traffic west of Detroit, Michigan
conflict began in the town of Pullman, Illinois, on May 11 when nearly 4,000 employees of the Pullman Palace Car Company began a wildcat strike in response to recent reductions in wages
When his company laid off workers and lowered wages, it did not reduce rents, and the workers called for a strike. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
a landmark United States Supreme Court decision in the jurisprudence of the US, upholding the constitutionality of state laws requiring racial segregation in public facilities under "separate but equal".
decision handed down by a vote of 7 to 1
"Separate but equal" remained standard doctrine in U.S. law until its repudiation in the 1954 Supreme Court decision Brown v. Board of Education. -
Upton Sinclair's The Jungle
Portrays the lives of immigrants in the US.
Many readers were most concerned with his exposure of practices in the American meatpacking industry during the early 20th century, based on an investigation he did for a socialist newspaper.
Depicts poverty, the absence of social programs, unpleasant living and working conditions, and the hopelessness prevalent among the working class, which is contrasted with the deeply rooted corruption of people in power. -
John D Rockefeller's Philanthropy
• After his company dissolved in 1911, Rockefeller, with personal assets estimated at a billion dollars, supported several philanthropies including the University of Chicago, the Rockefeller Institute of Medical Research, and the Rockefeller Foundation.
• Various Rockefeller-funded charities continue to make important contributions in the philanthropic field even today. -
Nat Turner
American slave
Lead a slave rebellion in Virginia
Convicted and hanged -
Thomas Edison's Death
Died At 9 P.M. in New Jersey.
He was 84 years old.
His death marked the end of an era in the progress of civilization.
Buried in Glenmont, New Jersey. -
John D. Rockefeller's Death
Rockefeller died of arteriosclerosis, two months shy of his 98th birthday, at The Casements, his home in Ormond Beach, Florida.
He was buried in Lake View Cemetery in Cleveland. -
15th Amendment
Gave freed male slaves the same rights as white males including the right to vote,
last of the three reconstruction amendments
