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Created the doctrine of judicial review and set up the Supreme Court of the United States as chief interpreter of the Constitution -
Supreme Court held that Congress has implied powers and the “Necessary and Proper” Clause gave Congress the power to establish a national bank -
Supreme Court case that famously expounded upon the powers of the commerce clause, setting the precedent of Congress's broad ability to regulate interstate and some intrastate commerce -
The Court held that the Due Process clause required the states to award just compensation when taking private property for public use -
Supreme Court decision applying the First Amendment's free speech protections to abuses by state governments -
Supreme Court held that prior restraint on publication violated the First Amendment (freedom of the press) -
Supreme Court established that the right to counsel was made binding on state governments as a requirement of the Fourteenth Amendment's Due Process Clause -
The decision in this case determined that the Free Exercise Clause extended to state governments, in addition to the federal government (free exercise of religion) -
Protection against double jeopardy was not a fundamental right and established the principal of selective incorporation -
Supreme Court that held that the Fourteenth Amendment's Due Process Clause protects freedom of assembly from state statutes (freedom of assembly) -
Court said that the public has long used streets and parks to assemble and transmit ideas and speech on issues of public concern and it was unconstitutional to prevent groups from meeting there -
Supreme Court applied First Amendment freedom of religion rights to the states via the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment -
The Court held that the states, under the authority of the Tenth Amendment, have the authority to govern their citizens' conduct in the sea, when not in conflict of federal law -
Supreme Court held that the Free Speech Clause protects students from being forced to salute the American flag or say the Pledge of Allegiance in public school -
Supreme Court found that the United States government cannot promote religion (nonestablishment of state religion) -
Upheld the constitutionality of the Smith Act, which made it a criminal offense to advocate the violent overthrow of the government -
Supreme Court formally recognized the freedom of association as a right protected by the First Amendment -
Evidence seized unlawfully, without a search warrant, could not be used in criminal prosecutions in state courts (exclusionary rule) -
Established that the Eighth Amendment's protection against cruel and unusual punishment applies to state court criminal proceedings -
Supreme Court ruled unanimously in favor of Gideon, guaranteeing the right to legal counsel for criminal defendants in federal and state courts -
Court case holding that criminal suspects have a right to counsel during police interrogations under the Sixth Amendment -
Court ruled that the Fourteenth Amendment secures defendants against self-incrimination and compels officials to establish guilt by evidence that is independent of a suspect's or witnesses' statements -
The Court held that the First Amendment protects the publication of all statements, even false ones, about the conduct of public officials except when statements are made with actual malice -
Ruling that a married couple has a right of privacy that cannot be infringed upon by a state law making it a crime to use contraceptives -
A unanimous Court struck down state laws banning marriage between individuals of different races -
Supreme Court ruled that detained criminal suspects, prior to police questioning, must be informed of their constitutional right to an attorney and against self-incrimination -
Overruled Palko, holding that the Double Jeopardy Clause of the Fifth Amendment as applied to the states is an element of liberty protected by Due Process -
Supreme Court ruling that cemented students' rights to free speech in public schools -
Supreme Court defended the First Amendment right of free press against prior restraint by the government -
Supreme Court case that legalized abortion in the United States -
Led to the decision that states cannot deny students access to education on account of their immigration status -
The fundamental right to engage in sodomy with homosexuals is not protected in the due process clause in the fifth and fourteenth amendment -
Supreme Court ruled that Congress had exceeded its constitutional authority under the Commerce Clause when it passed a law prohibiting gun possession in local school zones -
Court established that speech on the Internet is entitled to the same high degree of First Amendment protection extended to the print media as opposed to the reduced level given the broadcast media -
Struck down a portion of the 1996 Telecommunications Act that required cable TV companies to limit the availability of sexually explicit programming to late-night hours -
Made same-sex sexual activity legal in every State and United States territory -
Supreme Court said that the Second Amendment applies to federal enclaves and protects an individual's right to possess a firearm for traditionally lawful purposes, such as self-defense in the home -
The Citizens United ruling represented a turning point on campaign finance, allowing unlimited election spending by corporations and labor unions -
Incorporated the 2nd Amendment right to bear arms to the states, meaning states cannot severely limit or infringe on private citizens' rights to own firearms through local and state legislation -
The Court rejected the government's argument that there is no reasonable expectation of privacy in a person's movement on public thoroughfares -
Held that a cheek swab of an arrestee's DNA is comparable to fingerprinting and therefore, a legal police booking procedure that is reasonable under the Fourth Amendment -
Supreme Court confirmed the rights of corporations to deny healthcare coverage on the basis of religious objections -
Court ruled that the warrantless search and seizure of the digital contents of a cell phone during an arrest is unconstitutional under the Fourth Amendment -
Same-sex couples have the right to marry, which extended legal marriage recognition across the United States -
Court held that the Eighth Amendment's prohibition against “excessive fines” applies to the states under the Due Process clause -
Court ruled that the Sixth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution requires that guilty verdicts be unanimous in criminal trials -
the Court held that the Constitution of the United States does not confer a right to abortion and that those rights should instead come to the decision of the individual states themselves -
Supreme Court strengthened First Amendment protection for religious speech by government officials and discontinued the Lemon Test