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Period: May 10, 1250 to May 10, 1400
Ghana, Mali, Songhao Kingdoms
Ghana is a country in West Africa and gold was traded for salt that came down from the Sahara desert. It was then taken over by the Mali, came to control the gold trade that the Kingdom of Ghana had controlled before it, but it also expanded its trading in many ways. Then Songhao then took over and expanded territory. -
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Unit 6 Timeline
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Boxer Rebellion
This was a proto-nationalist movement by the Boxers opposing foreign imperialism and Christianity in China. Resulted in violent revolts against foreign interests. Foreigner's responded by going on massive looting, raping, and killing sprees, and forcing the Chinese government to pay large amounts in reparing the damages. -
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Gandhi
Leader of the Indian independence movement and advocate of nonviolent resistance. He appealed to the poor, led nonviolent demonstrations against British colonial rule, and he was jailed many times. Soon after independence he was assassinated for attempting to stop Hindu-Muslim rioting. In addition, he led the Salt March. Died1948. -
Overthrow of the Qing Dynasty
When it was overthrown in 1911, China became a republic. Under the Manchus the Chinese empire reached its greatest extent. Basiclly, China overthrew them, they had the reasources and were at greater power. -
African National Congress
An organization dedicated to obtaining equal voting and civil rights for black inhabitants of South Africa. Founded in 1912, as the South African Native National Congress. It was banned and its leaders were jailed for many years, it eventually helped bring mayority rule to south Africa. -
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Panama Canal
Ship canal cut across the Isthmus of Panama by United States army engineers; it opened in 1914. It greatly shortned the sea voyage between east and west coasts of North America. -
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World War One
World War 1 became infamous for trench warfare, where troops were confined to trenches because of tight defenses. This was especially true of the Western Front. The war was fought by the Allies on one side, and the Central Powers on the other. -
Russian Revolution
Collective term for a series of revolutions in Russia in 1917, which destroyed the Tsarist autocracy and led to the creation of the Soviet Union. Resulted an end of the Russian Empire, Bolsheviks' takeover of power, start of the Russian Civil War. -
Wilson's 14-Point Plan
Woodrow Wilson's plan to prevent anything like WWI from every occuring again. Well accepted by Europe, however not liked by the US. This laid the basis for the creation of the League of Nations. Ended up being only partially used. -
Treaty of Versailles
The treaty imposed on Germany by France, Great Britain, US and other allied powers after WW1. It demanded that Germany stop its military and give up some lands to Poland. German had to accept all responsibility for the war they caused. -
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League of Nations
International organization founded in 1919 to promote world peace and cooperation but greatly weakened by the refusal of the US to join. -
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Chinese Civil War
This was a war between the KMT and the Chinese Nationalist Party, the governing party of the Republic of China, and the Communist Party of China (CPC) for control of China. Interrupted temporarily during the Second Sino-Japanese War, but continued immediately after. Led to China's division into the Republic of China (known as Taiwan) and People's Republic of China -
Stalin's 5 Year Plans
Stalin led the Soviet Union with an iron fist, using 5 year plans to increase industrial production and terror to crush all opposition. -
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Great Depression
Was a servere worldwide economic depression right after WW2. The depression originated in the U.S starting with the fall in stock prices, and became worldwide stock market crash. Cities all around the world were hit hard, especially those dependent on heavy industry. -
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Hitler Comes to Power
He rose to power in Germany because of the weak state it was in after WWI. Hitler and the Nazi party primarily attracted members of the middle and lower class. He was very charismatic, and led many people to believe him to be the savior of Germany. -
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World War 2
This was mainly a Global military conflict, involved most of the world's nations, including all of the great powers. It's marked by significant events such as Holocaust and nuclear weapons in warfare. Resulted in Allied victory, creation of the United Nations, emergence of the United States and the Soviet Union as superpowers, beginning of the Cold War. -
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Nelson Mandela
Served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999, first South African president to be elected in a fully representative democratic election. Before presidency, he was the leader of the armed wing of the African National Congress. -
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Cold War
The ideological struggle between communism and capitalism for world influence. The Soviet Union and the United States came to the brink of actual war during Cuban Missle Crisis but never attacked one another. Cold War came to and end with the Soviet Union dissolved. -
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Mao Zedong & Maoism
Leader of the Chinese Communist Party. He led the Communists on the Long March and rebuilt the Communist Party and the Red Army during the Japanese occupation of China. After WW2, he led the Communist to victory. He also ordered the Cultural Revolution. Maoism is a political theory derived from the teachings of the Chinese political leader Mao Zedong. -
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Juan Peron(Argentina)
President of Argentina as a military officer, he championed the rights of labor. Aided by his wife Eva Duarte, he was elected president in 1946. He built up the industry. and became very popular among the urban poor, but harmed economy. -
Indian Indepence
Gandhi made a big role in order for India to attain independence. It was a protest of civil disobedience against the government. indians also established parties to gain autonomy and eventually independence to Britain. Examples of these parties are the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League. well, those hardships succeeded. -
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NATO
Organization formed in 1949 as a military alliance of western European and North American states against the Soviet Union and its east European allies. The headquarters are in Brussels, Belgium. It was first just a political association, -
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Korean War
Conflict that began with North Korea's invasion of the South and came to involve the United States allying with South Korea and the peoples republic of China allying with North Korea. -
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Warsaw Pact
The 1955 treaty binding the Soviet Union and countries of eastern Europe in an allieance against the North Atlantic treaty organization. -
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Vietnam War
North Vietnam (communist) vs South Vietnam (anti-communist). Resulted in North Vietnamese victory(even though no one really won) withdrawal of American forces from Indochina. -
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Great Leap Forward
Economic and social campaign of the Communist Party of China, aimed to transform country from an agrarian economy into a modern communist society through agriculturalization, industrialization. -
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Aswan Dam
This dam is situated across the Nile River in Aswan, Egypt. It was helpful towards the control of floods and providing water for irrigation as well as generating hydroelectricity. This impacted Egypt economically and culturally. -
Bay of Pigs
This was an unsuccessful action force of Cuban exiles to invade Cuba, with support and encouragement from the US gov, in an attempt to overthrow Fidel Castro. Less than 3 months after JFK asuumed presidency. Took place on beach named Playa Giron, the Cuban armed forces were trained and equppied by Eastern Bloc forces defeating the military within 3 days. -
Cuban Missle Crisis
The Soviet Union droped nuclear missiles in Cuba. Cuban president Fidel Castro was reacting to US efforts to overthrow the cuban goverment. When the missiles were discovered, the US was ready for invasion, but with much pressure Soviet leader pulled them out, subsequently, the US removed its missiles from Turkey. It gave hope to that nuclear weapons might be contained. -
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Berlin Wall
This wall was a barrier constructed by the German Democratic Republic that completely cut off WEst Berlin from the surrounding East Germany and from East Berlin.The wall served to prevent the massive emgiration and defection that marked Germany and the communist Eastern Bloc during the post- WW2 period.Fell due to weakening of USSR. -
Helsinki Accords
The Helsinki Final Act, afirmed that no boundaries should be changed by military force. It was also conatined formal declarations calling for ecnonmic, social, and goverment contacts across the iron curtain, a provision that paved the way for dialogue about human rights. -
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Islamic Revolution
The overthrow of Iran's monarchy and its replacement with an Islamic republic. Began with the opposition of the Shi'i against the Shah lacked many of the customary causes of revolution. -
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Iran-Iraq War
Consists of conflict between the armed forces of Iraq and Iran. Began when Iraq invaded Iran, following a long history of border disputes and fears of Shia insurgency among Iraq's long-suppressed Shia majority influenced by the Iranian Revolution -
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USSR Disintegrates
This resulted in the destruction of the Soviet Federal Government and independence of the USSR's republics. Caused by weakening of the Soviet government and characterized by many of the republics of the Soviet Union declaring their independence and being recognized as sovereign nation-states. -
Tiananmen Square
This is a site in Beijing where Chinese students and workers gathered to demand greater political openness. The demonstration was crushed by Chinese military with great loss of life. Protest was sparked by mourning over the death of a party offical who had been purged for his support of political liberalization. -
Reunification of Germany
This was a process in 1990 in which the German Democratic Republic joined the Federal Republic of Germany, and when Berlin reunited into a single city, -
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Suez Canal
This is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. It allows transportation by water between Europe and Asia without navigation around Africa. -
September 11, 2001
This was where a 19 al-Qaeda terrorists hijacked four commercial passenger jet airliners: crashed into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City, The Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia, and into a field in Pennsylvania. A catastrophic event that killed many lives and caused politcal and social conflict. -
Creation of Pakistan
This was a movement against British Raj and Indian Congress to have an independent Muslim state named Pakistan. It was lead by Muhammad Ali Jinnah, along with other prominent founding fathers of Pakistan.
