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Period: 1492 to
The Connected World
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Oct 12, 1492
Columbian Exchange
Columbus reached the New World. This started the age of European Colonization in the Americas and also kicked off the Colombian exchange. Which brought many new things like crops to Europe, and things like new animals and disease to the Americas. -
Oct 31, 1517
Martin Luther's 95 Theses
Martin Luther nails his 95 Theses to the door of a Church in Germany. This event started the Protest and reformation. It also made the Catholic Church label him a heretic. -
Jan 3, 1521
Martin Luther Expelled
Pope Leo X expelled Martin Luther from the Catholic Church after his refusal to recant the 95 Theses. This formal split between Luther and the Church further ignited the Protestant Reformation and led to the establishment of various Protestant denominations. -
Aug 13, 1521
Fall Of the Aztecs
Hernán Cortés captures Tenochtitlán, marking the end of the Aztec Empire and the start of Spain's Colonization of Mexico. -
Defeat of the Spanish Armada
The Spanish Armada planned to invade England and overthrow Elizabeth I and restore Catholicism to England. But were defeated by the faster and more agile English. -
Founding of Jamestown
English settlers established Jamestown in Virginia, the first permanent English colony in the Americas. This event laid the foundation for the eventual expansion of the British Empire in the New World. -
English Civil War
The English Civil War was fought between the Royalists,who supported King Charles I, and the Parliamentarians, led by Oliver Cromwell. It resulted in the execution of Charles I, the temporary abolition of the monarchy, and the establishment of the Commonwealth of England. It lasted until 1651. -
Seven Years War
Fought between England And France, the Seven Years' War (1756-1763) spanned Europe and North America. The war reshaped global power dynamics, with Britain winning and coming out as the world's new colonial power. -
Boston Tea Party
American colonists disguised as Native Americans boarded British ships in Boston Harbor and dumped 342 chests of tea into the water in protest against the Tea Act. This act of defiance escalated tensions between Britain and the American colonies. -
American Revolution
The American Revolutionary War began in 1775 and ended with the Treaty of Paris in 1783. It led to the thirteen American colonies gaining independence from England and the formation of the United States of America. -
Declaration Of Independence
Continental Congress formally adopted the Declaration of Independence, proclaiming the American colonies' separation from Britain. This moment marked the birth of the United States. -
US Constitution
the US Constitution was signed by the delegates at the Philadelphia Convention. This document established the framework for the federal government of the United States and remains the foundation of American law and governance. -
French Revolution
the Estates General met in France to talk about the country's financial crisis, leading to the outbreak of the French Revolution. This revolution radically transformed France, abolishing the monarchy and establishing the First French Republic. -
Haitian Revolution
enslaved Africans in the French colony of Saint-Domingue (modern-day Haiti) began a revolution against their French masters. The revolution led to the creation of the first independent black republic and the abolition of slavery in Haiti. -
Napoleon Takes Over France
Napoleon Bonaparte overthrows the French government, seizing control of the government. This began Napoleon's rise to power and eventual rule as Emperor of France. -
The Peace of Amiens
the Peace of Amiens was a temporary truce between France and Britain, marking the end of the Second Coalition War. While it was short-lived, the treaty allowed Napoleon to consolidate power in France before embarking on his next military campaigns. -
Napoleon Becomes Emperor
Napoleon Bonaparte crowned himself Emperor of France in a ceremony at Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris. This solidified his control over France and kickstarted his military campaigns across Europe. -
France invades Russia
Napoleon launched an invasion of Russia with an army of over 600,000 men. The campaign ended in disaster for Napoleon, as his forces were decimated by Russian tactics but mainly the harsh weather -
Napoleon Exiled
Napoleon Bonaparte was forced to abdicate the French throne and was exiled to the island of Elba. This marked the end of his rule, though he would return to power briefly in 1815 during the Hundred Days. -
Battle of Waterloo
On June 18, 1815, Napoleon Bonaparte was decisively defeated by the British and Prussian forces at the Battle of Waterloo in Belgium. This defeat marked the end of the Napoleonic Wars and the final fall of Napoleon from power.