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WWI
A major war in Europe that involved all of the world's super powers. Allied powers (France, British Empire, Russia, United States, Italy, Japan, Belgium, Serbia, Romania, Greece, Portugal Portugal, Montenegro) vs the Central powers (Germany, Austria–Hungary, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria). Technological advances made it a very bloody war, with over 9 million deaths. Ended in an Allied victory with the Paris Peace Confrence. -
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Gandhi
A pre-eminent political and ideological leader of India during the Indian independence movement. His philosophy was firmly founded upon nonviolence. His philosophy and leadership helped India gain independence and inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world. -
Russian Revolution
The collective term for a series of revolutions in Russia in 1917, which destroyed the Tsarist autocracy and led to the creation of the Soviet Union. In the second revolution the Provisional Government was removed and replaced with a Bolshevik (Communist) government. -
Wilson's Fourteen-Point Plan
The address was intended to assure the country that the Great War was being fought for a moral cause and for postwar peace in Europe. Believed that it could have prevented WWII. -
Treaty of Versailles
It ended the state of war during WWI between Germany and the Allied Powers. Germany was forced to pay an enormous sum of money because they had caused they war. Germany's bitterness abou this treaty was one cause that lead to WWII. -
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Leauge of Nations
An organization founded as a result of the Paris Peace Conference that ended World War I, and it was the precursor to the United Nations. The League was the first permanent international security organization whose principal mission was to maintain world peace. It didn't really have enough power to keep peace. -
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Chinese Civil War
A civil war fought between the Kuomintang Chinese Nationalist Party, the governing party of the Republic of China and the Communist Party of China for the control of China which eventually led to China's division into two Chinas, Republic of China and People's Republic of China. -
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Stalins 5-Year Plans
A series of nation-wide centralized exercises in rapid economic development in the Soviet Union. The plans were developed by a state planning committee based on the Theory of Productive Forces that was part of the general guidelines of the Communist Party for economic development. -
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Great Depression
A severe worldwide economic depression in the decade preceding World War II. It was the longest, most widespread, and deepest depression of the 20th century. -
Hitler Comes to Power
He was appointed chancellor on 30 January 1933, and transformed the Weimar Republic into the Third Reich, a single-party dictatorship based on the totalitarian and autocratic ideology of Nazism. -
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WWII
global military conflict involving most of the world's nations, and all of the Great Powers. Allies vs Axis. Marked by significant events involving the mass death of civilians, including the Holocaust and the only use of nuclear weapons in warfare, it was the deadliest conflict in human history, resulting in 50 million to over 70 million fatalities. Allies won and the UN was formed. -
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Mao Zedong & Maoism
Mao Zedong is officially held in high regard in China as a great revolutionary, political strategist, military mastermind, and savior of the nation. It was widely applied as the political and military guiding ideology in the Communist Party of Chinauntil the party was taken over by Deng Xiaopingin 1978. -
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Cold War
The continuing state of political conflict and military tension existing after WWII, primarily between the Soviet Union and the United States. The primary participants' military force never officially clashed directly, although they expressed the conflict through military coalitions, strategic conventional force deployments, extensive aid to states deemed vulnerable by secret alliances and treaties. -
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Juan Peron (Argentina)
An Argentine military officer and politician. Was elected three times as president of Argentina. Made large efforts to eliminate poverty and dignify labor. -
Indian Independence
In 1946, the Labour government in Britain, its exchequer exhausted by the recently concluded World War II, and conscious that it had neither the mandate at home, the international support, nor the reliability of native forces to continue controlling an increasingly restless India, decided to end British rule of India, and in early 1947 Britain announced its intention of transferring power. -
Creation of Pakistan
Carved out of the two muslim-majority wings of eastern and northwestern regions of British-India. The split was controversial and ill-timed, causing communal riots across India and Pakistan. Large groups of people migrated to the respective countries as according to religious beliefs. -
NATO
The North American Trade Organization is an intergovernmental military alliance based on the North Atlantic Treaty. -
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Korean War
A military conflict between South Korea, supported by the United Nations, and North Korea, supported by the People's Republic of China (PRC), with military material aid from the Soviet Union. The war was a result of the physical division of Korea by an agreement of the victorious Allies at the conclusion of the Pacific War at the end of World War II. -
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The Great Leap Forward
An economic and social campaign of the Communist Party of China, reflected in planning decisions, which aimed to use China's vast population to rapidly transform the country from an agrarian economy into a modern communist society through the process of agriculturalization, industrialization, and collectivization. -
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Warsaw Pact
A mutual defense treaty subscribed to by eight communist states in Eastern Europe. It was established at the USSR’s initiative and realized on 14 May 1955, in Warsaw. -
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Vietnam War
A Cold War era military conflict fought by North Vietnam, supported by it's communsist allies, and South Vietnam, supported by the U.S. and other anti-communist nations. The U.S. backed South Vietnam in an attempt to battle communism through containment. -
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Bay of Pigs
An unsuccessful action by the U.S. Governmentn to invade Southern Cuba, in an attempt to overthrow the Cuban government of Fidel Castro. -
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Berlin Wall
A barrier constructed by the German Democratic Republic that completely cut off west Berlin from surrounding East Germany and East Berlin. The wall was erected to protect the soviet population from facist elements, basically to prevent the massive emigration and defection that marked Germany and the communist Eastern Bloc during the post–World War II period. -
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Cuban Missile Crisis
A confrontation among the Soviet Union, Cuba, and the United States, when a U-2 United States Air Force spy plane captured photoreconissance intelligence of the contruction of Missile silos and bunkers on the cuban mainland, many with the ability to strike the U.S. The silos were built by the Soviets in a response to U.S. placement of nuclear warheads in Italy and Turkey, capable of attacking Moscow. -
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Helsinki Accords
The final act of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe held in Helsinki, Finland. Thirty-five states signed the declaration in an attempt to improve relations between the Communist bloc and the West. -
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Islamic Revolution (Iran)
The events involving the overthrow of Iran's monarchy and it's replacement with an Islamic Republic. It came as a surprise to the rest of the world, because it lacked many of the customary causes of revolution. -
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Iran-Iraq War
An armed conflict between the armed forced of Iraq and Iran, and the longest conventional war of the 20th century. Iraq wanted the unstable Iranian government to fall.
Saddam Hussein sought domination of the Middle East.
Radical Islam threatened to spread into Iraq -
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Tiananmen Square
A series of demonstrations in and near Tiananmen Square in Beijing in the People's Republic of China. Used mainly non-violent methods. Ended in the mass murder of thousands of protesters. -
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USSR Disintegrates
a process of systematic disintegration, which occurred in its economy, social structure and political structure. It resulted in The destruction of the Soviet Federal Government ("the Union centre") and independence of the USSR's republics on December 25, 1991. The process was caused by weakening of the Soviet government, which led to disintegration. The process was characterized by many of the republics of the Soviet Union declaring their independence and being recognized as sovereign nations. -
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German Reunification
The process in 1990 in which the German Democratic Republic (GDR/East Germany) joined the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG/West Germany), and when Berlin reunited into a single city, as provided by its then Grundgesetz constitution Article 23. -
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Nelson Mandela
President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999, and was the first South African president to be elected in a fully representative democratic election. Before his presidency, Mandela was an anti-apartheid activist, and the leader of Umkhonto we Sizwe, the armed wing of the African National Congress (ANC). In 1962 he was arrested and convicted of sabotage and other charges. Led his party in the negotiations that led to multi-racial democracy. -
September 11, 2001
A series of coordinated suicide attacks by al-Qaeda upon the United States on September 11, 2001. On that morning, 19 al-Qaeda terrorists hijacked four commercial passenger jet airliners. The hijackers intentionally crashed two of the airliners into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City, killing everyone on board and many others working in the buildings. Both towers collapsed within two hours, destroying nearby buildings and damaging others. The U.S. quickly responded.
