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1472
St Thomas More
St Thomas More was born in 1478 in London and was an English statesman, humanist, and lawyer who served as Lord Chancellor under King Henry VIII. He is most known for his work "Utopia" a critique of society and a vision of an ideal society. He was martyred in 1535 for refusing to endorse Henry VIII's break from the catholic church. -
Steam engine
The steam engine was developed by a guy named Thomas Newcomen. This invention converted steam power into mechanical energy. It revolutionized industries by providing a reliable and efficient power source for machinery and manufacturing. It enabled rapid industrial growth and global trade. -
First Industrial Revolution
The first industrial revolution spanned from the late 18th century to the early 19th century and marked a shift to industrialized and urbanized societies. It was characterized by innovations like the steam engine, textile production, and the use of coal and iron. This revolution transformed manufacturing, transportation, and communication which led to economic, social, and cultural changes. -
Spinning Jenny
The spinning jenny was created by James Hargreaves in 1764. It was a revolutionary device that allowed one worker to spin multiple spools of thread. The invention increased productivity and reduced the labor and time needed to produce yarn. It played a huge role in the Industrial Revolution. -
Robert Owen
He was a welsh social reformer and industrialist. He is best known for his efforts to improve working conditions and promote socialism. He managed the cotton mills in Scotland where he implemented policies such as shorter working hours, fair wages, and access to education for workers and their children. His ideas influenced labor reforms and social welfare worldwide. -
Water Powered loom
The water-powered loom was invented in 1785 by Edmund Cartwright. The loom mechanized the weaving process by using water as its energy source. It increased the speed and efficiency of textile production as well as reduced reliance on manual labor. -
Europe's population doubles
The population in Europe doubled during the 18th and 19th centuries due to improvements in agriculture, advancements in the medical field, and increased food supply. This growth was fueled by an increase in birth rates and lower mortality rates. This led to urbanization and changes in living conditions. -
Henry Bessemer
Henry was born in 1813 and was an English inventor best known for developing the Bessemer process in 1856. It revolutionized steel production by making it faster and more cost effective. His innovation allowed for the mass production of steel which transformed industries such as construction and railroads. -
congress of Vienna
The Congress of Vienna was held from 1814 to 1815 to help reshape Europe after the Napoleonic wars. It was brought together by major powers of Europe, including Austria, Russia, Prussia, and Great Britain, to restore stability and establish a new balance of power. The congress ended up redrawing national borders and laid out the groundwork for future relations in Europe. -
Karl Marx
Karl was a German philosopher, economist, and revolutionary socialist who co-authored The Communist Manifesto in 1848. He proposed the idea that history is driven by the class struggle between the working class and the capitalist class. This lead to the overthrow of capitalism and the establishment of a classless society. -
railroad expansion
Railroad expansion began in the early 19th century and revolutionized transportation by connecting cities and regions. It facilitated the movement of goods, people, and ideas. It caused economic growth and supported industrialization while opening new markets and promoting westward expansion. This expansion reshaped landscaping and urbanization. -
trade unions
Trade unions are organized associations of workers formed to protect and advance their rights and interests in the workplace. They were a part of the broader labor movement in response to poor working conditions, low wages, and long hours. Over time the trade unions played a big role in advocating for worker's rights. -
Thomas Edison
Thomas was an American inventor and businessman who developed many devices that influenced life in the 20th century. He is most known for inventing the phonograph, motion picture camera, and incandescent light bulb. His work in electricity and mass production helped establish the foundation for modern technology. -
France Revolution
The revolution of 1848 in France was part of revolutionary movements across Europe known as the Springtime of Nations. It was brought up by economic hardship, demands for political reform, and the desire for an increase in civil liberties. The revolution led to the establishment of the second french republic. -
Revolution in Germany
The Revolution of 1848 in Germany was part of a series of European revolutions known as the Springtime of Nation. It worked to unify the fragmented German states and establish a constitutional government. The revolution ultimately failed due to internal divisions and repression. -
Henry Ford
Henry was an American industrialist who revolutionized the automobile industry with his introduction of the Model T in 1908. He implemented the assembly line method which greatly increased production and manufacturing efficiency. This made cars affordable for the average consumer. His inventions transformed the automotive industry as well as modern manufacturing practices and American society. -
Second industrial revolution
The second industrial revolution spanned from the mid-19th century to the early 20th century and was marked by advancements in steel production, electricity, and chemical industries. It introduced inventions such as the telegraph, internal combustion engine, and telephone. This era further industrialized economies as well as aided in modern technological societies.