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Tin Pan Alley
Tin Pan Alley is a genre of American popular music that rose in the late 19th century. This music generated from 28th Street, between Broadway and Fifth Avenue. The phrase "tin pan" refers to the sound of pianos being pounded. -
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Social Darwinism
Social Darwinism is the belief that races and cultures face the same natural selection as animals and plants in nature. The weak were diminished and the strong ruled and influenced the weak. This concept supported "survival of the fittest" and that society was a struggle of survival. -
Henry Ford
Henry Ford established the Ford Motor Company in 1903. They rolled out the first Model T five years later, and became the worlds first moving assembly line for cars. -
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Harlem Renaissance
The Harlem Renaissance began in the Harlem neighborhood in New York City as a black cultural attraction and growth, which lead to a social and artistic explosion. Works inspired were music such as Jazz, and art style such as Abstract paintings. The Harlem Renaissance was a huge time for the blacks to express themselves to the world. -
Federal Reserve System
The Federal Reserve is the central bank of the United States. It has five functions: Conducts the nations monetary policy, promotes the stability of the financial system, promotes the safety and soundness of individual financial institutions, fosters payment and settlement system safety and efficiency, and promotes consumer protection and community development. -
William Jennings Bryan
Democratic Bryan became the Nebraska congressman in 1890. He served as Woodrow Wilsons Secretary os state until 1914. He campaigned for peace, prohibition, and suffrage, and criticized the teaching of evolution. -
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The Great Migration
The Great Migration was a movement and relocation of more than 6 million African Americans form the rural south to the cities of the north, due to limited economic opportunities and harsh segregation laws. African Americans began to build a new life for themselves. -
Langston Hughes
American writer who was an important figure in the Harlem Renaissance and focused on African American experience in his writing. He wrote poems such as " The Negro Speaks of Rivers", and "The Weary Blues.", and was also known for his engagement of jazz. -
Marcus Garvey
Marcus Garvey was a leader in the black nationalist movement and Africanist movements. Garvey sought for african americans to move back to Africa to establish their own country, and supported separatism and racial purity. He taught the blacks that they would only be respected when they were economically strong, and created trading commerce companies such as the black star. He was later arrested for ail fraud in his Black Star line company. -
Warren G. Harding's "Return to Normalcy"
Republican President Warren G. Harding, the 29th president, won his election with his slogan "return to normalcy". He believed that the country should return to big business after the war. Big businesses and isolationists reaped the benefits and cheated the system of this concept, such as the Teapot Dome scandal. -
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Jazz Music
Jazz was the music of the roaring twenties, for it was loud and syncopated. It emphasized the changes coming in culture and society. Jazz was influenced by the Harlem Renaissance, and was popular in New York, Louisiana, and Chicago. Famous Jazz artists are Louie Armstrong, Duke Ellington, and Bessie Smith. -
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1st Red Scare
During the 1920's, after the war, Americas fear for communism rose. Only 0.1% of the population was anarchists or communists. The fear rose when the communists overthrew and murdered the Russian royal family in 1917. Strikes and bomb explosions happening in America, and many were arrested. The scare against the "Reds" ended when Russia became an alley with the U.S. against a common foe in WWII. -
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Prohibition
Prohibition began after the ratification on the 18th Ammendment, which banned the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcohol. The rise in gang violence and crime led to the end of the 18th Ammendment, which was ratified by 1933. -
Frances Willard
Frances Willard was an American Educator, reformer, and was the founder of the World Woman's Christian Temperance Union. She was the leader of the national Prohibition Party. She influenced the 18th and 19th Ammendments -
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Teapot Dome Scandal
The Tea Pot Dome Scandal was the secret leasing of federal oil reserves such as the Teapot Dome (Wyoming) and the Elk Hills and Buena Vista Hills (California) by secretary of the interior, Albert Bacon Fall. Companies involved was Mammoth Oil Company and Pan American Petroleum Company. Fall was caught when he and his family received na unknown source of $200,000 in liberty bonds. -
Clarence Darrow
Clarence Darrow was a lawyer who was a leading member of the American Civil Liberties Union and defended teenage thrill killers Leopold and Loeb, and John T. Scopes in the Monkey Trial. -
Scopes Monkey Trial
A young high school teacher was on trial for teaching evolution, which violated Tennessee state law. The trial was turned on a verdict and the constitutional issues were left unresolved until 1968, where the law was said to violate the First Ammendment. -
Charles A. Lindbergh
Charles Lindbergh was an American aviator who made the first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean in history on May 20-21, 1927, with his plane The Spirit of Saint Louis. He originally opposed American involvement in WWII, but eventually was enrolled and flew 50 combat missions. -
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The Great Depression
The worst economic downturn in the history of American and industrialization work. The Great Depression began after the Stock Market Crash known as "Black Tuesday". By 1933, the depression reached its lowest point, and there were nearly 15 million unemployed americans, and nearly half the American banks has failed. -
Stock Market Crash, "Black Tuesday"
Black Tuesday hit Wall Street, as investors traded an estimated amount of 16 million shares in New York for a single day. After billions of dollars were lost, the nation spiraled down into the Great Depression. -
The New Deal
The "New Deal" was a set of federal programs set by President Roosevelt to bring economic recovery, job creation, investment in public works and civic uplift from the Great Depression. -
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The Dust Bowl
The Dust Bowl was created by harsh farming techniques that tore away the grass to hold in the dirt and a serious drought. The Dust Bowl affected Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, New Mexico and Colorado. The Dust Bowl killed many people and animals and was the worst manmade disaster in history. -
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Nations 32nd president. To help the U.S. recover from the Great Depression, he spoke directly to the public in "fireside" chats and started the "New Deals" which gave federal government new roles. He also led the U.S. to victory against Nazi Germany is WWII. Roosevelt was elected four times, and died in office in April o 1945. -
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
The TVA was created by President Roosevelt and Congress in 1933 to address the Valleys issues in energy, economic development, and environmental issues. Power production, flood control, and reforestation was introduced to repair Tennessee River Valley. -
Eleanor Roosvelt
Eleanor Roosevelt was the wife of Franklin D. Roosevelt. She showed America the importance of the First Lady in american politics after her husband had suffered from polio. She gave many press conferences and spoke out for human rights , children's causes and women's issues. -
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Relief, Recovery, and Reform
The three R's stated by President Roosevelt was his main campaign slogan to his plan of helping assist America in the Great Depression. Relief by taking immediate action to stop the economies deterioration, Recovery from programs that restart consumer demand, and Reform by temporary programs that will prevent the U.S. from another Depression and ensure citizens against economic disasters. -
20th Amendment
The 20th Amendment of the U.S. constitution states the beginning and end terms of the president and vice president. -
21st Amendment
The XXI Ammendment repeals prohibition, which is the 18th ammendment. The 21st ammendment proved that Prohibition was not working in the U.S. for the love of intoxicating liqueurs by most Americans. -
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FCIC)
Between 1930 and 1933, about 9,000 banks failed. By March 4, 1933, banks in every state were closed or operated under restrictions. The Banking Act of 1933 created the FDCI as a temporary agency and began to ensure deposits, and became the federal regulator for state nonmember banks. The FDCI became a permanent program. -
Dorothea Lange
Dorothea Lange was an America photographer who took photographs of displaced farmers, migrant workers, and unemployed men on the streets during the Great Depression. In 1944, she received the Guggenheim fellowship. -
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
The SEC was created in 1934 to regulate exchanges, broker, over-the-counter markets, and monitor financial disclosures. Large utility corporations could be broken up into smaller companies. The SEC also protects investors, maintains fair, orderly, and efficient markets, and facilitate capital formation. -
Social Security Administration
The Social Security Association began as the SSB, created by President Roosevelt in 1935. The SSA provides a wide range of social security services such as disability, retirement, and survivors benefits.
