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WW1
It involved all of the world's great powers, assembled in two opposing alliances: the Allies and the Central Powers. -
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Gandhi
Leader of the Indian independence movement and advocate of nonviolent resistance. After being educated as a lawyer in England, he returned to India and became leader of the Indian National Congress in 1920. He appealed to the poor, led nonviolent demonstrations against British colonial rule, and was jailed many times. Soon after independence he was assassinated for attempting to stop Hindu-Muslim rioting. -
Russian Revolution
A series of revolutions in Russia in 1917, which destroyed the Tsarist autocracy and led to the creation of the Soviet Union -
Wilson's 14-Point Plan
A speech delivered by United States President Woodrow Wilson to a joint session of Congress. The address was intended to assure the country that the Great War was being fought for a moral cause and for postwar peace in Europe. -
Treaty of Versailles
The treaty imposed on Germany by France, Great Britain, the United States, and other Allied Powers after World War I. It demanded that Germany dismantle its military and give up some lands to Poland. It was resented by many Germans -
Hitler Comes to Power
Transformed the Weimar Republic into the Third Reich, a single-party dictatorship based on the totalitarian and autocratic ideology of Nazism. -
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League of Nations
International organization founded in 1919 to promote world peace and cooperation but greatly weakened by the refusal of the United States to join. It proved ineffectual in stopping aggression by Italy, Japan, and Germany in the 1930s, and it was superseded by the United Nations in 1945. -
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Stalin's 5-Year Plans
a series of nation-wide centralized exercises in rapid economic development in the Soviet Union. -
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Great Depression
a severe worldwide economic depression in the decade preceding World War II. -
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WW2
A global military conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, which involved most of the world's nations, including all of the great powers: eventually forming two opposing military alliances, the Allies and the Axis. -
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Mao Zedong and Maoism
Leader of the Chinese Communist Party . Led the Communists on the Long March and rebuilt the Communist Party and Red Army during the Japanese occupation of China. After World War II, he led the Communists to victory over the Guomindang. He ordered the Cultural Revolution in 1966. -
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Chinese Civil War
a civil war fought between the governing party of the Republic of China and the Communist Party of China for the control of China which eventually led to China's division into two Chinas, Republic of China and People's Republic of China. -
Indian Independence
Government in Britain, conscious that it had neither the mandate at home, the international support, nor the reliability of native forces for continuing to control an increasingly restless India decided to end British rule of India, and in early 1947 Britain announced its intention of transferring power. -
Creation of Pakistan
created from the separation of the north-western region of the Indian subcontinent, partitioned within or outside the British Indian Empire -
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Cold War
The ideological struggle between communism and capitalism for world influence. The Soviet Union and the United States came to the brink of actual war during the Cuban missile crisis but never attacked one another. The Cold War came to an end when the Soviet Union dissolved in 1991. -
NATO
An intergovernmental military alliance based on the North Atlantic Treaty. The organization constitutes a system of collective defence whereby its member states agree to mutual defense in response to an attack by any external party. -
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Korean War
Conflict that began with North Korea's invasion of South Korea and came to involve the United Nations allying with South Korea and the People's Republic of China allying with North Korea. -
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Warsaw Pact
The 1955 treaty binding the Soviet Union and countries of eastern Europe in an alliance against the North Atlantic Treaty Organization -
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Vietnam War
Conflict pitting North Vietnam and South Vietnamese communist guerrillas against the South Vietnamese government, aided after 1961 by the United States. -
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Great Leap Foward
An economic and social campaign of the Communist Party of China which aimed to use China's vast population to rapidly transform the country from an agrarian economy into a modern communist society through the process of agriculturalization, industrialization, and collectivization. -
Bay of Pigs
An unsuccessful action by a CIA-trained force of Cuban exiles to invade southern Cuba, with support and encouragement from the US government, in an attempt to overthrow the Cuban government of Fidel Castro. The Cuban armed forces, trained and equipped by Eastern Bloc nations, defeated the invading combatants within three days. -
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Berlin Wall
A barrier constructed by the German Democratic Republic that completely cut off West Berlin from surrounding East Germany and from East Berlin -
Cuban Missile Crisis
Brink-of-war confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union over the latter's placement of nuclear-armed missiles in Cuba -
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Juan Peron (Argentina)
An Argentine military officer, and politician. Perón was three times elected as President of Argentina though he only managed to serve one full term, after serving in several government positions, including the Secretary of Labor and the Vice Presidency. -
Helsinki Accords
Political and human rights agreement signed in Helsinki, Finland, by the Soviet Union and western European countries. -
Islamic Revolution (Iran)
refers to events involving the overthrow of Iran's monarchy under Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and its replacement with an Islamic republic under Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, the leader of the revolution. -
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Iran-Iraq War
an armed conflict between the armed forces of Iraq and Iran, -
Tiananmen Square
The square was the center of the 4 June 1989 protests, where soldiers opened fire on protesters, killing 400–800, and perhaps many more -
Reunification of Germany
The process in 1990 in which the German Democratic Republic joined the Federal Republic of Germany, and when Berlin reunited into a single city -
USSR Disintegrates
The dissolution of the Soviet Union was a process of systematic disintegration, which occurred in its economy, social structure and political structure. It resulted in the destruction of the Soviet Federal Government and independence of the USSR's republics. The process was caused by weakening of the Soviet government, which led to disintegration. -
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Nelson Mandela
Served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999, and was the first South African president to be elected in a fully representative democratic election. Before his presidency, Mandela was an anti-apartheid activist, and the leader of Umkhonto we Sizwe, the armed wing of the African National Congres -
September 11, 2001
a series of coordinated suicide attacks by al-Qaeda upon the United States on September 11, 2001. On that morning, 19 al-Qaeda terrorists hijacked four commercial passenger jet airliners