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Mar 4, 1394
Prince Henry the Navigator: March 4, 1394- November 13 1460 CE
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Period: Mar 4, 1394 to Nov 13, 1460
Prince Henry the Navigator: March 4, 1394- November 13 1460 CE
Henry was born on March 4, 1395; at age 23 his interest of exploring the western coast of Africa began. Henry himself never went on any voyages but he sponsored many voyages.
Thanks to Henry advances in voyages were made. By helping other voyagers, he helped make it possible to explore the western coast of Africa. Prince Henry the Navigator set the foundations for future important voyages such as Columbus’, Bartolomeu Dias’, and Vasco da Gama’s. -
Jan 1, 1441
Beginning of Portuguese Slave Trade: 1441 CE
In 1441 Antão Gonçalves & Nuno Tristão captured 12 slaves and brought them to Portugal.The concept of slavery was old, but the concept of slave trade was a whole new different thing around this time. With the introduction of these Africans Portugal developed slave trade; Portugal slave traders built the small country of Fort Elmina in 1481 in Africa. Due to this other European countries also developed salve trade leading to slave trade in England and eventually slave trade in the Americas. -
Jan 1, 1444
Reign of Mehmed the Conqueror:1444-1446 and 1451-1481
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Period: Jan 1, 1444 to Jan 1, 1446
Reign of Mehmed the Conqueror:1444-1446 and 1451-1481
Mehmed the Conqueror ruled the Ottoman Empire twice: in 1444 through 1446 and 1451 through 1481. Mehmed is known for expanding the Ottoman Empire. He focused on strengthening the Ottoman Navy. Mehmed was able to conquer Constantinople, and the Turkish kingdoms and territories of Asia Minor, Bosnia, Kingdom of Serbia, and Albania. -
Jan 1, 1453
Ottoman Empire: 1453-1922
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Period: Jan 1, 1453 to
Ottoman Empire: 1453-1922
In 1299, Turkish tribes in northern Anatolia founded a state. In1453, this state became the Ottoman Empire, with the conquest of Constantinople by Mehmed II. The Ottoman Empire was the largest Muslim empire, encompassing most of southeastern Europe, Mamluk Syria, and Egypt. The Ottomans controlled the land in between Spain/Portugal and in China, forcing Spainish/Portuguese find a direct route to China because they didn't want to be taxed or attacked by the Ottomans. -
Jan 1, 1464
Songhai Empire: 1464-1591
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Jan 1, 1464
Reign of Sunni Ali:1464-1492
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Period: Jan 1, 1464 to
Songhai Empire: 1464-1591
The Songhai Empire emerged in the 15th century, when the Mali Empire was declining. At its height the empire extended in lower parts of the of the Niger River, NIgeria, Mali, and into the Atlantic coast. At its peak, Timbuktu became a thriving cultural commercial center. The Songhai Empire's economy was based on trade, it traded resources such as gold and they also traded slaves. They were part of the slave trade and traded with Europeans, this one of the places where Europeans got their slaves. -
Period: Jan 1, 1464 to Jan 1, 1492
Reign of Sunni Ali:1464-1492
Sunni Ali was the first king of the Songhai Empire and reigned from 1464 through 1492. Under Ali's rule many things changed and improved. He, along with his infantry and cavalry, captured and fortified many cities such as Timbuktu. He fought off the Tuareg and Mossi, and kept them from his extending Empire. Ali built a fleet to patrol the Niger River. Under his rule the Songhai Empire surpassed the height of the Mali Empire. -
Nov 10, 1483
Martin Luther: November 10, 1483- February 18, 1546
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Period: Nov 10, 1483 to Feb 18, 1546
Martin Luther: November 10, 1483- February 18, 1546
Martin Luther was an important figure in the Protestant Reformation. In 1517, Luther nailed the 95 Theses on the Wittenberg Church door and started a conflict with the Catholic Church. Pope Leo X in response excommunicated Luther, but Luther just burned the bull of excommunication. This initiated the Protestant Reformation, in which Luther created his own branch: Lutheranism. Luther set the backbone for the Portestant Reformation. -
Aug 1, 1487
Dias’ Voyage Into the Indian Ocean: 1487-1488 CE
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Period: Aug 1, 1487 to Dec 1, 1488
Dias’ Voyage Into the Indian Ocean: 1487-1488 CE
Dias discovered a sea route that led directly to India, where there were many spices and other products that Europeans wanted. There already was a land route to India but since they passed through other empires they were taxed and during this time the Ottoman took over the Byzantine Empire as well as the trade routes. This discovery led to more trade with India across the Indian Ocean. -
Jan 1, 1492
Columbian Exchange: 1492 (After Columbus' voyage to the Americas)
The term Columbian Exchange refers to the exchange of peoples, animals, plants, and dieseases between the New and Old Worlds. The Old World benefited from this exchange, the Old World got maize, tobacco, potatoes, manioc, and medicinal plants and as a result the population increased in the Old World. The New World both benefited and hurt the New World. The Old World introduced things like diseases and livestock to the New World, as a result many natives died due to disease. -
Aug 3, 1492
Columbus’ First Voyage: August 3, 1492- March 15, 1493 CE
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Period: Aug 3, 1492 to Mar 15, 1493
Columbus’ First Voyage: August 3, 1492- March 15, 1493 CE
Christopher Columbus sailed from Palos Spain and went around through the Bahamas and back to Palos, 1492-3. Although Columbus failed in reaching China quickly he did not fail completely. Because of this voyage the people in the continent of Europe knew there were unknown lands to the west, later known as the Americas. Also due to this expedition new products such as tobacco, pineapple, turkey, and the hammock reached Europe and eventually led to the Columbian Exchange. -
Jan 1, 1501
Safavid Empire: 1501-1736
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Period: Jan 1, 1501 to
Safavid Empire: 1501-1736
The Savafid Empire was an empire ruling from 1501 through 1736. The official religion of the empire was Shi'a Islam. The Safavid traded along the Silk Road since it was near it, in Iran,it exported horses, goat hair, and pearls and imported spices, textile, metals, coffee, and sugar. The legal system was built up of two branches: civil law and urf. -
Jan 1, 1502
Moctezuma: Rule 1502-1520 CE
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Period: Jan 1, 1502 to Jan 1, 1520
Moctezuma: Rule 1502-1520 CE
Moctezuma took rule of the Aztec Empire in 1502 when Emperor Ahuitzotl died that year; he was elected by a council of noblemen. He took control of the large empire which consisted of most of central Mexico.During the year 1519 Hernan Cortes and the Conquistadors arrived in the Aztec Empire, Moctezuma thinking he was a god sent gifts to them. Cortes however was not there as a friend he was there to conquer them. By 1520 the Aztec Empire had been conquered and Moctezuma killed. -
May 10, 1509
John Calvin: July 10, 1509-May 27, 1564
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Period: Jul 10, 1509 to May 27, 1564
John Calvin: July 10, 1509-May 27, 1564
John Clavin was a prominent figure in the Protestant Reformation. Calvin broke apart from the Roman Catholic Church around 1530. In 1535, Calvin published "The Institutes of the Christian Religion". In his writing was traditional medieval theology, however Calvin's teaching differed from that of Lutheranism and Roman Catholicism in that he believed in predestination, curtailing the power of the clerical hiearchy , simplifying religous rituals, and simplicity in dress, life, and worship. -
Feb 1, 1519
Spanish Conquest of Mexico: February, 1519-August 13, 1521
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Period: Feb 1, 1519 to Aug 13, 1521
Spanish Conquest of Mexico: February, 1519-August 13, 1521
The Spanish conquest of Mexico was made possible by the conquest of the Aztec Empire by Hernan Cortes. With the conquest of Mexico, the Spanish gained many resources like gold and silver, which were mined by natives but eventually by slaves. As a result of the conquest of Mexico, the Spanish gained the western parts of North America and established New Spain. -
Jan 1, 1520
Suleyman the Magnificent:1520-1566
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Period: Jan 1, 1520 to Jan 1, 1566
Suleyman the Magnificent:1520-1566
Suleyman the Magnificent ruled the Ottoman Empire from 1520 through 1566, making him the longest-reigning Emperor. Suleyman was able to conquer Belgrade and Hungary. Suleyman created a single legal code throughout the empire. Suleyman encouraged education, he increased the number of primary schools in his capital, allowing boys to be taught to read and write as well as the principles of Islam. -
Jan 1, 1526
Mughal Dynasty:1526-1757
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Period: Jan 1, 1526 to Jan 1, 1557
Mughal Dynasty:1526-1757
The Mughal Dynasty was founded in 1526 and fell in 1757, but it officially ended a century later in 1858 when it fell to the British. During this time period a major Mughal contribution to the Indian subcontinent was their unique architecture. Also Indian ecnomy remained prosperous because of the creation of a road system and a uniform currency. During this time, key industries including shipbuilding, textiles, and steel. -
Dec 13, 1545
Council of Trent: December 13, 1545-December 4, 1563
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Period: Dec 13, 1545 to Dec 4, 1563
Council of Trent: December 13, 1545-December 4, 1563
The Council of Trent was created in response to the Protestant Reformation. The Council distinguished proper Catholic doctrines from Protestant "errors", reaffirmed the supremacy of the pope and called for a number of reforms, such as requiring each bishop to reside in his diocese and each diocese to have a theological seminary to train priests. The Council was just one part of the Catholic Refomation, which included the Council, the Jesuits, and other reforms. -
Jan 1, 1556
Reign of Akbar:1556- October 27, 1605
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Period: Jan 1, 1556 to
Reign of Akbar:1556- October 27, 1605
Akbar was the third Mughal Emperor and ruled from 1556 until his death in 1605. Akbar is known for his expansion of the Mughal Empire. By the end of his reign the Mughal Empire extended to Afghanistan in the north, Sindh in the west, Bengal in the east, and the Godavari River in the south. Akbar also kept the Pashtun from entering his large empire. Akbar knew how to control the empire, he created a system of central government, integrating the conquered areas into his administration. -
Feb 15, 1564
Galileo Galilei: February 15, 1564- January 8,1642
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Period: Feb 15, 1564 to
Galileo Galilei: February 15, 1564- January 8,1642
Galileo Galilei was a very important figure in the Scientific Revolution. At the University of Pisa in 1589 he proved Aristotle's belief, that speed of fall is proportionalto weight, wrong. Rumors in Holland about a spyglass being invented encouraged Galileo to invent his own telescope, with it he proved the moon was not smooth even though this opposed church teachings. He also discovered three stars and moons near Jupiter and proved heliocentricism, that the sun was the center of the universe. -
Tokugawa Shogunate: 1600-1868
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Tokugawa Shogunate: 1600-1868
The Tokugawa Shogunate ruled Japan from 1600 to 1868. The Tokugawa Shogunate began when central authority fell to the Tokugawa Ieyasu. Under this shogunate Japan participated in foreign trade with Portugal, the Dutch, the English, and even the Spanish. From 1615, Japan participated in trade between China and New Spain, however later on the Seclusion Laws stopped this since ships were only allowed from China, Korea, and the Netherlands. -
Thirty Years' War: 1618-1648
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Thirty Years' War: 1618-1648
The Thirty Years' War was a war fought in Europe, and started as a result of religious conflict between Protestants, Catholics, and Calvinists. This is was is said to be the most destructive and one of the longest conflicts in European history. The results of the war were improvemnets in the skill of European armed forces and weaponry and the division of Germany into many territories. This division limited the power of the Holy Roman Empire and decentralized German power. -
John Locke: August 29, 1632-October 28, 1704
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John Locke: August 29, 1632-October 28, 1704
John Locke was an important English political philosopher and thinker in the Enlightenment. In 1690, Locke published "Second Treatise of Civil Government", in which he disputed rulers derived their authority from the conscent of the governed and were subject to law and the citizens had the right to rebel if monarchs overstepped the law. His beliefs led to others to think the same way as he did and influence people like Voltaire, Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and Thomas Jefferson. -
Qing Dynasty:1644-1917
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Qing Dynasty:1644-1917
The Qing Dynasty was the last imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1917. At its height, the Qing had included in its empire Inner Mongolia, Outer Mongolia, Xinjiang, Tibet, and Manchuria. The territory was originally divided into 18 provinces, but later into 22 provinces. The Qing traded items such as silk and tea for silver, because silver was the money at that time. This silver was being sent in by the Spanish, and overtime the amount of silver was large making its price fall. -
Peter the Great: June 9, 1672-February 8, 1725
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Peter the Great: June 9, 1672-February 8, 1725
Peter the Great ruled the Tsardom of Russia and the Russian Empire from May 7, 1682 until his death. He expanded the Tsardom into a huge empire that became a major European power. -
England's Glorious Revolution: 1688-1689
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England's Glorious Revolution: 1688-1689
The Glorious Revolution was a conflict between the king of England and Parliament about power. The revolution started when King James II refused to respect Parliament's rights and baptized his heir a Roman Catholic. In response, Parliament forced James into exile in the Glorious Revolution of 1688. As a result Parliament established the Bill of Rights of 1689, which stated that Parliament had to be call frequently and had conscent to changes in laws and to the raising of an army in peacetime. -
Russian Empire:1721-1917
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Period: to
Russian Empire:1721-1917
The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until 1917. The Russian Empire was a large empire: it had territory that included most of Northern Europe.
