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Period: Jan 1, 1450 to
Unit 4
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Nov 15, 1451
Mehmed the Conqueror
When Mehmed ascended the throne in 1451 he devoted himself to strengthening the Ottoman Navy. In 1453 Mehmed commenced the siege of Constantinople, after the Fall of Constantinople, (Which ended the Byzantine Empire) Mehmed claimed the title of "Caesar" of Rome -
May 29, 1453
Ottoman Empire
In 1453, the Ottoman state became an empire. The empire reached its peak at 1590, covering parts of Asia, Europe and Africa. In the 15th and 16th centuries, the Ottoman Empire entered a period of expansion. The Empire prospered under the rule of a line of committed and effective Sultans. It also flourished economically due to its control of the major overland trade routes between Europe and Asia -
Mar 22, 1455
Prince Henry The Navigator
In his first voyage, which started on 22 March 1455, he visited the Madeira Islands and the Canary Islands. On the second voyage, in 1456, Cadamosto became the first European to reach the Cape Verde Islands. Antonio Noli later claimed the credit. By 1462, the Portuguese had explored the coast of Africa as far as the present-day nation Sierra Leone. Twenty-eight years later, Bartolomeu Dias proved that Africa could be circumnavigated when he reached the southern tip of the continent -
Nov 15, 1464
Reign of Sonni Ali
{1464-1492}
He built a fleet to patrol the Niger river. During Sonni Ali's reign, Songhai surpassed the height of the Mali Empire, engulfing areas under the Mali Empire. Sonni Ali ruled over both urban Muslims and rural non-Muslims at a time when the traditional co-existence of different beliefs was being challenged. -
Oct 10, 1488
Dias' Voyage into Indian Ocean
Bartolomeu Dias was a Knight of the royal court, superintendent of the royal warehouses, and sailing-master of the man-of-war, São Cristóvão. King John II of Portugal appointed him, on 10 October 1487, to head an expedition to sail around the southern tip of Africa in the hope of finding a trade route to India.
Effect: Europeans could trade directly with India and the other parts of Asia. -
Aug 3, 1492
Columbus's First Voyage
On the evening of August 3rd 1492, Columbus left Palos with three ships, the Santa Maria, Niña and Pinta.
Columbus wanted to:
1) Establish a new trade route to INDIA for spices
2) He thought of Spain's betterment concerning 'religion'- he wanted to spread Christianity.
3) He wanted better trade:-Trade=Money=Wealth=FAME -
Aug 3, 1492
Columbian Exchange
a dramatically widespread exchange of animals, plants, culture, human populations (including slaves), communicable disease, and ideas between the American and Afro-Eurasian Hemispheres. This exchange effected both sides, Europe and North American, by sharing many new crops and sometimes diseases. -
Nov 15, 1501
Safavid Empire
{1501-1722}
one of the most significant ruling dynasties of Iran. They ruled one of the greatest Persian empires after the Muslim conquest of Persia and established the Twelver school of Shi'a Islam as the official religion of their empire, marking one of the most important turning points in Muslim history. -
Oct 31, 1516
Martin Luther
Luther dedicated himself to monastic life, devoting himself to fasting, long hours in prayer, pilgrimage, and frequent confession.On 31 October 1517, Luther wrote to his bishop protesting the sale of indulgences -
Apr 21, 1519
Spanish Conquest of Mexico
a fleet of 11 Spanish galleons sailing along the eastern gulf coast dropped anchor just off the wind-swept beach on the island of San Juan de Ulua. Under the command of Hernán Cortés, the vessels bore 550 Spanish soldiers and sailors, as well as 16 horses, the first of the species to tread the American continent. -
Nov 15, 1519
Moctezuma
When Cortés arrived in 1519, Moctezuma was immediately informed and he sent emissaries to meet the newcomers, As the Spaniards approached Tenochtitlan they made an alliance with the Tlaxcalteca, who were enemies of the Aztec Triple Alliance, and they helped instigate revolt in many towns under Aztec dominion -
Mar 4, 1520
Reign of Suleiman the Magnificant
was the tenth and longest-reigning Emperor, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire. Upon succeeding his father, Suleiman began a series of military conquests, eventually suppressing a revolt led by the Ottoman-appointed governor of Damascus in 1521 -
Nov 15, 1526
Mughal Empire
an imperial power in the Indian subcontinent from about 1526 to 1757 At the height of their power in the late 17th and early 18th centuries, they controlled most of the subcontinent extending from Bengal in the east to Balochistan in the west, Kashmir in the north to the Kaveri basin in the south. Its population at that time has been estimated as between 110 and 150 million -
Mar 1, 1536
John Calvin
an influential French theologian and pastor during the Protestant Reformation. He was a principal figure in the development of the system of Christian theology later called Calvinism -
Oct 15, 1542
Akbar
Akbar was the third Mughal emperor. He influenced the whole of the Indian Subcontinent as he ruled a greater part of it as an emperor. Akbar was known in his own time as a military genius. Akbar set about reforming the administration of his empire's land revenue, A cultivated area where crops grew well was measured and taxed through fixed rates based on the area's crop and productivity. -
Dec 13, 1545
Council of Trent
The Council of Trent played an important part in determining the outcome of the Counter-Reformation. Along with the part played by the Jesuits and certain individuals, the Council of Trent was a central feature of the Counter-Reformation. But whether Trent represented a positive move by the Catholic Church remains contentious. -
Feb 15, 1564
Galileo Galilei
an Italian physicist, mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher who played a major role in the Scientific Revolution. His achievements include improvements to the telescope and consequent astronomical observations and support for Copernicanism. Galileo has been called the "father of modern observational astronomy", the "father of modern physics", the "father of science",and "the Father of Modern Science" -
Songhai Empire
{Early 16th century - Late 17th century}
Songhai was one of the largest Islamic empires in history.This empire bore the same name as its leading ethnic group, the Songhai. Its capital was the city of Gao, where a Songhai state had existed since the 11th century. -
Tokugawa Shogunate
{1603-1868}
a feudal regime of Japan established by Tokugawa Ieyasu and ruled by the shoguns of the Tokugawa family. This period is known as the Edo period. The Tokugawa Shogunate marks the period in Japanese history when the caste system was most rigid, leading eventually to social unrest, culminating in an overthrow of the Shogunate -
Thirty Year's War
{1618-1648}
The Thirty Years' War was a series of wars principally fought in Central Europe, involving most of the countries of Europe. It was one of the longest and most destructive conflicts in European history, and one of the longest continuous wars in modern history. -
John Locke
Considered one of the first of the British empiricists, following the tradition of Francis Bacon, he is equally important to social contract theory. His work had a great impact upon the development of epistemology and political philosophy -
Qing Dynasty
The Qing Dynasty was founded not by Han Chinese, who form the majority of the Chinese population, but by a semi-sedentary people known as the Jurchen, a Tungusic people who lived around the region now comprising the Chinese provinces of Jilin and Heilongjiang. -
Peter The Great
Peter implemented sweeping reforms aimed at modernizing Russia. Heavily influenced by his advisors from Western Europe, Peter reorganized the Russian army along modern lines and dreamed of making Russia a maritime power. He faced much opposition to these policies at home, but brutally suppressed any and all rebellions against his authority. -
Glorious Revolution (England)
the overthrow of King James II of England by a union of English Parliamentarians with the Dutch stadtholder William III of Orange-Nassau. William's successful invasion of England with a Dutch fleet and army led to his ascending of the English throne as William III of England jointly with his wife -
Russian Empire
a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. Peter The Great introduced autocracy in Russia and played a major role in introducing his country to the European state system. However, this vast land had a population of only 14 million. Grain yields trailed behind those of agriculture in the West, compelling nearly the entire population to farm. Only a small percentage lived in towns.
