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563 BCE
Founding of Buddhism
Description - Siddhartha Gautama, known as the Buddha, founded Buddhism in ancient india. With an estimated 500 million to one billion followers, scholars consider Buddhism one of the major worlds religions. Many of the beliefs and practices of Buddhism revolve around the concept of suffering and its causes.
Significance - It introduced new spiritual and ethical teachings that spread across Asia
Location - India (primarily in the region of present-day Nepal and northern india -
503 BCE
Athenian Democracy
Description - Athenian democracy was a system of government where all male citizens could attend and participate in the assembly which governed the city-state. This was a democratic form of government where the people or 'demos' had real political power. Athens, therefore, had a direct democracy. Significance - This laid the foundation for modern democratic systems.
Location - Athens, Greece. -
499 BCE
Persian Wars
Description - A series of conflicts between the Persian Empire and Greek city states. The fighting was most intense during two invasions that Persia launched against mainland Greece between 490 and 479.The Greeks overcome seemingly impossible odds and even succeeded in liberating Greek on the persia itself.
Significance - These wars shaped the course of Greek and Persian history and influenced Western civilization.
Location - Greece and Asia Minor. -
477 BCE
Construction of the Parthenon
Description - It was built as a tribute to Athena Parthenos. They used it to thank her for the Athenian victory over the Persians in the 490 BC and 480 BC wars. The building was carved and trimmed by hand on site with meticulous precision.
Significance - It symbolizes the power and culture of Athens and remains a key architectural achievement.
Location - Athens, Greece. -
476 BCE
Fall of the Western Roman Empire
Description - The western empire collapsed because of constant Germanic invasions along with social, economic, political and military factors. From 235-284 CE, nineteen different emperors ruled. Rome's border faced constant attack, and the empire began to lose territory.
Significance - It led to the fragmentation of the Western territories into various barbarian kingdoms, which eventually evolved into the modern nations of europe
Location - Italy, Spain, France, britain -
431 BCE
Peloponnesian War
Description - The war started on April 4, 431 BC when the Peloponnesian League launched a surprise attack on the Athens. Sparta feared that Athens would soon grow in power and take over Greece. This led to Sparta declaring war.
Significance - It weakened Greek city states and was marked at the end of the golden age of Greece.
Location - Greece. -
332 BCE
Alexander the Great's Conquests
Description - One of the world's greatest military generals. He created a vast empire that stretched from Macedonia to Egypt and from Greece to part of India. This allowed for Hellenistic culture to become widespread.
Significance - His Conquests spread Greek culture and influence across three continents.
Location - Greece, Egypt, Persia, and parts of India -
331 BCE
Battle of Gaugamela
Description - Battle of Gaugamela also known as battle of arbela. It was the second and final battle between the two kings. It is considered to be the final blow to the Achaemenid Empire, resulting in its complete conquest by Alexander.
Significance - This victory led to the fall of the Persian Empire.
Location - Near present-day Mosul,Iraq. -
322 BCE
Founding of the Maurya Empire
Description - The Maurya Empire was founded in 322 BCE by Chandragupta Maurya after overthrowing the Nanda dynasty. With the guidance of his advisor Chanakya, Chandragupta established a centralized and bureaucratic established and bureaucratic administration. The empire expanded under his rule and that of his successors, becoming one of the largest empires in ancient india.
Significance - It became one of the largest and most powerful empires in ancient india.
Location - India -
301 BCE
Spread of Christianity
Christianity spread throughout the Roman empire, becoming a major religion. This period saw the establishment of Christian communities and the writing of the new testament. This spread the religion globally.
Significance: It played a crucial role in shaping western civilization, influencing art,culture,law, and philosophy.
Location: Europe, Asia, and Africa -
267 BCE
Ashoka's Reign
Description - Ashoka's region began around 268 BCE and lasted until approximately 232 BCE. He is best known for his conversion to Buddhism after the bloody Kalinga War, which led him to promote non-violence, tolerance, and the welfare of is subjects. Ashoka's efforts in spreading Buddhism and his establishment of numerous stupas and pillars with edicts have left a lasting legacy on Indian history
Significance - His support for Buddhism helped spread the religion across Asia.
Location - India. -
264 BCE
First Punic War
Description - The first punic war, fought between Rome and Carthage from 264 to 241 BCE, was primarily a naval conflict over control of Sicily. It marked Rome's initial foray into overseas warfare and showcased their ability to adapt and build a powerful navy. The war ended with Rome's victory, leading to Carthage ceding Sicily to Rome and paying a significant indemnity.
Significance - It marked the beginning of Rome's expansion beyond the Italian Peninsula.
Location - Sicily, Italy -
221 BCE
Construction of the Great Wall
Description - The Qin Dynasty began construction of the Great Wall to protect against invasion
Significance - It symbolized China's efforts to defend against northern nomadic tribes
Location - Northern China -
221 BCE
Qin Dynasty Unification
Description -The Qin kingdom became strong and expanded their territory by taking over neighboring states. They then unified China for the first time, and Qin Shihuangdi declared himself the first emperor. Establishing the Qin Dynasty.
Significance - This marked the beginning of imperial China and centralized rule.
Location - China. -
218 BCE
Second Punic War
Description -A series of wars between the Roman Republic and the Carthaginian (Punic) empire. It resulted in Roman hegemony over the western Mediterranean Hannibal of Carthage invading Italy. Leading to a prolonged conflict with Rome.
Significance - Rome emerged as the dominant power in the western Mediterranean.
Location - Italy, Spain, North Africa. -
70 BCE
Destruction of the Second Temple
Description - The Roman army destroyed the second Temple in Jerusalem during the Jewish Roman war. This event had a profound impact on Jewish history and culture. Created a war with the Jews.
Significance - prompted the development of Rabbinic Judaism
Location - Jerusalem -
31 BCE
Battle of Actium
Description - The Battle of Actium was a naval battle fought between Octavian's maritime fleet. It was led by Marcus Agrippa, and the combined fleets of both Mark Antony and Cleopatra. It then defeated Mark Antony and Cleopatra in a naval battle.
Significance - This led to the rise of the Roman Empire under Augustus.
Location - Ionian Sea, near Greece -
30 BCE
Crucifixion of Jesus
Description - The execution of Jesus by crucifixion, which took place in the 1st century. According to the new testament, Jesus was arrested, tried, and sentenced to death by Pontius Pilate, the Roman governor of Judas. He was crucified at a place called Golgotha, which means "the place of the skull."
Significance - This event is central to Christianity, which would later become a dominant world religion
Location - Israel -
27 BCE
Founding of the Roman Empire
Description - The founding of the Roman empire is generally marked by the rise of Augustus. Augustus, formerly known as Octavian, became the first emperor after defeating Mark Antony and Cleopatra, and he established a period of relative peace and stability known as pax Romana. This transition from a republic to an empire laid the foundations for centuries of Roman.
Significance - It began a period of relative peace and prosperity known as the Pax Romana.
Location - Rome, Italy. -
313
Edict of Milan
Description - The Edict of Milan established religious toleration for Christianity within the Roman Empire. It was the outcome of a political agreement concluded in Mediolanum (modern Milan) between the Roman emperors Constantine I and Licinius in February 313. It basically granted religious liberty to those who practiced Christianity and other faiths.
Significance - Allow religious freedom and to end persecution of christians in the Roman empire
Location - Mediolanum -
Period: 600 to 500 BCE
Unit 2-3 Timeline