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Susan B. Anthony
She organized a woman suffrage convention in Washington, D.C., and in May she and Stanton formed the National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA). Anthony became the first woman to be depicted on United States currency. -
Alexander Graham Bell
Scottish-born American inventor, scientist, and teacher of the deaf whose foremost accomplishments were the invention of the telephone (1876) and the refinement of the phonograph (1886). -
Jacob Riis
In 1873 he became a police reporter, assigned to New York City’s Lower East Side, where he found that in some tenements the infant death rate was one in 10. By the late 1880s, Riis had begun photographing the interiors and exteriors of New York slums with a flash lamp. Riis used the images to dramatize his lectures and books, -
Samuel Gompers
American labour leader and first president of the American Federation of Labor (AFL).Better political conditions for labour would follow: the victory of Woodrow Wilson in 1912 brought the creation of ,followed by the Clayton Antitrust Act (1914) and passage of the Adamson Act (1916), which established the eight-hour workday for interstate railroad workers. -
Bessemer steel production
The Bessemer Process was the first inexpensive industrial process for the mass-production of steel from molten pig iron prior to the open hearth furnace. The first method discovered for mass-producing steel. The key principle is removal of impurities from the iron by oxidation with air being blown through the molten iron. -
Eugene V. Debbs
After announcing his conversion to socialism in 1897, he led the establishment of the Socialist Party of America. Debs’s union won national prominence when it conducted a successful strike for higher wages against the Great Northern Railway in April 1894. -
Clarence Darrow
In his speeches and writings he advocated the closed shop and unrestricted freedom of expression and opposed capital punishment, Prohibition, protective tariffs, and the League of Nations. Darrow represented the arduous working conditions in the mines but also the degree to which child labour was used. -
Theodore Roosevelt
He was the 26th President of the United States (1901-09). Received the Nobel Prize for ending the Russo-Japan War (1904-05) and began the construction of the Panama Canal (1904-14). -
William Jennings Bryan
He was influential in the eventual adoption of such reforms as popular election of senators, income tax, creation of a Department of Labor, Prohibition, and woman suffrage. -
Jane Adams
American social reformer, and winner of the Nobel Prize in 1931. She is mostly known for as a co-founder of Hull House in Chicago. It was one of the first social settlements in the U.S. Hull House provided an opportunity for social workers to acquire training. -
Ida B. Wells
Wells began an editorial campaign against lynching that quickly led to the sacking of her newspaper’s office. In 1913 she founded what may have been the first black woman suffrage group, Chicago’s Alpha Suffrage Club. -
Labor Unions
A labor union is an organized group of workers who unite to make decisions about conditions affecting their work. Labor unions strive to bring economic justice to the workplace and social justice to our nation. Some like Knights of Labor, American Federation of Labor, etc. -
Labor Strikes
Labor strikes in the 1870s occurred because most of the businesses cut the wages of workers ( sometimes even more than once or twice). And also the laws weren't fair either. Some Labor strikes like the Great Railroad Strike 1877 or the Homestead Strike weren't as successful as they could have been. -
The Glided Age
Rapid immigration, along with the explosion of Americans moving from farms to the cities, caused an urban boom during the Gilded Age.The late 19th century was a period of greed and guile: of rapacious Robber Barons, unscrupulous speculators, and corporate buccaneers, of shady business practices, scandal-plagued politics, and vulgar display. -
Social Gospel
Religious social-reform movement prominent in the United States from about 1870 to 1920. Interpreted the Kingdom of God as requiring social as well as individual salvation and sought the betterment of industrialized society -
Industrialization
The process of converting to a socioeconomic order in which industry is dominant. There are 6 causes of this: Natural Resources, Growing Population, Improved Transportation, High Immigration, New Inventions, Investment Capital. -
Tenement
A room or a set of rooms forming a separate residence within a house or block of flats.They are apartment houses that barely meet or fail to meet the minimum standards of safety, sanitation, and comfort. By 1900, some 2.3 million people (a full two-thirds of New York City's population) were living in tenement housing. -
Upton Sinclair
Though intended to create sympathy for the exploited and poorly treated immigrant workers in the meatpacking industry, His novel instead aroused widespread public indignation at the low quality of and impurities in processed meats and thus helped bring about the passage of federal food-inspection laws. -
Settlement House
a neighborhood-based organization that provides services and activities designed to identify and reinforce the strengths of individuals, families and communities. Programs may include: job training and employment programs, early childhood education, afterschool youth programs, arts education and performances. -
Populism & Progressivism
Populism is a political program or movement that champions the common person, usually by favorable contrast with an elite. Progressivism was a political and social-reform movement that brought major changes to American politics and government during the first two decades of the 20th century. -
Haymarket Riot
Violent confrontation between police and labour protesters in Chicago on May 4, 1886, that became a symbol of the international struggle for workers’ rights. They're goal was to secure an eight hour work day for laborers. -
Interstate Commerce Act 1887
Federal legislation that was enacted in 1887 which created the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) to address the growing issue of the monopolize railroad industry. It provided Congress with the power to regulate private corporations engaged in interstate commerce. -
Political Machines
A party organization, headed by a single boss or small autocratic group, that commands enough votes to maintain political and administrative control of a city, county, or state.Characterized by a disciplined and hierarchical organization, that enables the machine to respond to the problems of individual neighborhoods, or even families. -
Sherman Antitrust Act
It was the first legislation enacted by the United States Congress (1890) to curb concentrations of power that interfere with trade and reduce economic competition. The purpose of this Act was to maintain free competition in business and made it a crime to monopolize any part of trade or commerce. -
Klondike Gold Rush
A rush of thousands of people in the 1890s toward the Klondike gold mining district in northwestern Canada after gold was discovered there. Gold was discovered there by local miners on August 16, 1896, and, when news reached Seattle and San Francisco the following year, it triggered a stampede of prospectors. -
Muckraker
It was any of a group of American writers identified with pre-World War I reform and expose literature.They provided detailed, accurate journalistic accounts of the political and economic corruption and social hardships caused by the power of big business in a rapidly industrializing United States. -
Robber Barons
industrialists and financiers who made fortunes by monopolizing huge industries through the formation of trusts, engaging in unethical business practices, exploiting workers, and paying little heed to their customers or competition. great wealth came from the oil, steel, liquor, cotton, textile, and tobacco industries, railroads, and banks. -
Pure Food and Drug Act
The first Pure Food and Drug Act was passed in 1906. The purpose was to protect the public against adulteration of food and from products identified as healthful without scientific support. prevented the manufacture, sale, or transportation of adulterated or misbranded or poisonous or deleterious foods, drugs, medicines. -
Dollar Diplomacy
To ensure the financial stability of a region while protecting and extending U.S. commercial and financial interests there. Theodore Roosevelt’s peaceful intervention in the Dominican Republic, where U.S. loans had been exchanged for the right to choose the Dominican head of customs. -
16th Amendment
The 16th Amendment states: The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration. It means that the federal government can collect taxes from all americans. -
Federal Reserve Act
Congress developed the Federal Reserve Act to establish economic stability in the United States by introducing the Central Bank to oversee monetary policy. Gave the 12 Federal Reserve banks the ability to print money to ensure economic stability. The Federal Reserve System created the dual mandate to maximize employment and keep inflation low. -
17th Amendment
The 17th Amendment states that The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote.
In Simple terms the 17th amendment provides for regular voters to elect their Senators. -
Andrew Carnegie
A Scottish American industrialist who led to the expansion of the steel industry in the late 19th century. He worked in a cotton factory at the age of 12. Quickly he became americanized by educating himself by reading, writing, and going to night school. -
Nativism
The policy of favoring native inhabitants as opposed to immigrants.They believed they were the true “Native” Americans, despite their being descended from immigrants themselves. Nativists created political parties and tried to limit the rights of immigrants. -
18th Amendment
The ratification of the 18th Amendment would take effect on January 17th, 1920. It is important to note that the 18th Amendment did not prohibit the consumption of alcohol, but rather simply the sale, manufacture, and transportation of alcoholic beverages. -
19th Amendment
The 19th Amendment states: The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. Which means anyone can vote regards of their sex, color etc. -
Tea Pot Dome Scandal
The scandal involved ornery oil tycoons, poker-playing politicians, illegal liquor sales, a murder-suicide, a womanizing president and a bagful of bribery cash delivered on the sly. In the end, the scandal would empower the Senate to conduct rigorous investigations into government corruption.
