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industrialization
Is the period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial society, involving the extensive re-organisation of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing. The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840. -
16th Amendment
the 16th amendment states that the congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several states, and with our regard to any census or enumeration.it is an important amendment because it allows the federal government to collect an income tax from all americans. in come tax allows for the federal government to keep an army , build roads or bridges, enforce laws and carry out other important duties. -
18th amendment
the 18th amendment to the constitution prohibited the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors and was ratified by the states on January 16, 1919. The movement prohibited alcohol began in the united states in the early nineteenth century. -
Urbanization
Refers to the population shift from rural to urban areas, "the gradual increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas", and the ways in which each society adapts to the change. It is predominantly the process by which towns and cities are formed and become larger as more people begin living and working in central areas. The early United States was predominately rural. According to the 1790 census, 95 percent of the population lived in the countryside. -
Initiative & Referendum
In the politics of the United States, initiatives and referendum allows citizens to place new legislation on a popular ballot, or to place legislation that has recently been passed by a legislature on a ballot for a popular vote. -
political machines
political group in which an authoritative boss or small group commands the support of a corps of supporters and businesses (usually campaign workers), who receive rewards for their efforts.The machine's power is based on the ability of the workers to get out the vote for their candidates on election day. The Tammany Hall machine that controlled New York City's politics from late in the 18th century until midway into the 20th century. -
Bessemer Process
The Bessemer Process was the first inexpensive industrial process for the mass-production of steel from molten pig iron prior to the open hearth furnace. A process for the producing steel by blowing air through molten pig iron at about 1250 degrees Celsius . -
Monroe Doctrine
The Monroe Doctrine was a United States policy of opposing European colonialism in The Americas beginning in 1823. At the same time, the doctrine noted that the U.S. would recognize and not interfere with existing European colonies nor meddle in the internal concerns of European countries. -
Indian Removal
The Indian Removal Act was signed into law by President Andrew Jackson, authorizing the president to grant unsettled lands west of the Mississippi in exchange for Indian lands within existing state borders. A few tribes went peacefully, but many resisted the relocation policy. -
Robber Barons (captains of industry)
Some nineteenth-century industrialists who were called “captains of industry” overlap with those called “robber barons,” however. These include people such as J.P. Morgan, Andrew Carnegie, Andrew W. Mellon, and John D. Rockefeller. The positive term was coined by Thomas Carlyle in his 1843 book, Past and Present. -
Immigration & the American dream
The american dream is a simple idea that promises success to al those who choose to reside and work hard in the new land of the free and the brave.We as Americans pride ourselves on the notion of living in a country built by immigrants who came here looking for social, political, and religious liberty. However, while immigrants may have built the nation centuries ago, the United States has a history of opposition towards newcomers. -
Homestead Act
Signed into law by President Abraham Lincoln on May 20, 1862, the Homestead Act encouraged Western migration by providing settlers 160 acres of public land. In exchange, homesteaders paid a small filing fee and were required to complete five years of continuous residence before receiving ownership of the land. -
The Gilded Age
The Gilded Age in United States history is the late 19th century, from the 1870s to about 1900. The term for this period came into use in the 1920s and 1930s and was derived from writer Mark Twain's 1873 novel The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today, which satirized an era of serious social problems masked by a thin gold gilding. -
Manifest Destiny
the 19th century doctrine or belief that the expansion of the US throughout the American contents was both justified and inevitable. manifest destiny was a widely held belief in the united states that its settlers were destined to expand across North America. -
Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
It was the first significant law restricting immigration into the United States. In the spring of 1882, the Chinese Exclusion Act was passed by Congress and signed by President Chester A. Arthur. This act provided an absolute 10-year moratorium on Chinese labor immigration. -
Haymarket Riot
The Haymarket affair was the aftermath of a bombing that took place at a labor demonstration on Tuesday May 4, 1886, at Haymarket Square in Chicago. Demands for an eight-hour working day became increasingly widespread among American laborers in the 1880s. -
dawes act
The Dawes Act of 1887, adopted by Congress in 1887, authorized the President of the United States to survey American Indian tribal land and divide it into allotments for individual Indians. -
Jane Addams
Jane Addams was known as the mother of social work. She was a pioneer american settlement activist/reformer, social worker, public philosopher, sociologist, author, and leader in women's suffrage and world peace. Was also co-founder one of the first settlements in the united states, the Hull House in Chicago, Illinois -
populism
Populism is a confrontational approach that may be expressed in various ways, ranging from a reasoning technique to a political strategy to a political movement, and seeks to disrupt the existing social order by solidifying and mobilizing the animosity the "common man" or "the people" against "privileged elites". -
William Jennings Bryan
he became a Nebraska congressman in 1890. He starred at the 1896 Democratic convention with his Cross of Gold speech that favored free silver. he was defeater in hid bid to become U.S. president by William McKinley -
Yellow Journalism
Yellow press, is a US term for a type of journalism that presents little or no legitimate well-researched news and instead uses eye-catching headlines to sell more newspapers. yellow journalism is used today as a pejorative to decry any journalism that treats news in an unprofessional or unethical fashion.he main impact that “yellow journalism” had on the Spanish American War was to push the United States towards getting involved in that war. -
Klondike Gold Rush
Migration by an estimated 100,000 prospectors to the Klondike region of the Yukon in north-western Canada between 1896 and 1899. Gold was discovered there by local miners on August 16, 1896, and, when news reached Seattle and San Francisco the following year, it triggered a stampede of prospectors. Some became wealthy, but the majority went in vain. It has been immortalized in photographs, books, films, and artifacts. -
Recall
Recall election is a procedure by which voters can remove an elected official from office through a direct vote, typically initiated when enough voters sign a petition. Only two governors have ever been successfully recalled. -
Andrew carnegie
Andrew Carnegie was a scottish american industrialist. he led the expansion of the american steel industry in the late 19th. He is identified as one of the richest people ever. -
Pure food act and drug act
The Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 was the first of a series of significant consumer protection laws which was enacted by Congress in the 20th century and led to the creation of the Food and Drug Administration. Its main purpose was to ban foreign and interstate traffic in adulterated or mislabeled food and drug products, and it directed the U.S. Bureau of Chemistry to inspect products and refer offenders to prosecutors. -
Social Gospel
Was a movement led by a group of liberal Protestant progressives in response to the social problems raised by the rapid industrialization, urbanization, and increasing immigration of the Gilded Age. The social gospel differentiated itself from earlier Christian reform movements by prioritizing social salvation over individual salvation. -
Dollar Diplomacy
Dollar diplomacy of the United States (particularly during President William Howard Taft's term) was a form of American foreign policy to further its aims in Latin America and East Asia through use of its economic power by guaranteeing loans made to foreign countries. -
Theodore Roosevelt
Theodore Roosevelt was governor of New York becoming U.S vice president. at age 42, Theodore became the youngest man to assume the U.S presidency after president William McKinley was assassinated in 1901. He served as president from 1901 to 1909 -
17th amendment
The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each state, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. The electors in each state shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the state legislatures. -
muckraker
A spirit of reform marked the Progressive Era from around 1900 to 1917. It was in this spirit that muckrakers, who were influential journalists, worked to reveal injustices and oversights in American society. Learn how muckrakers raised awareness of America's social, economic and political problems. -
Eugene V. Debs
Eugene was an American union leader. he was one of the founding members of the industrial workers of the world. He was a labour organizer and socialist party candidate for U.S president five times between 1900 and 1920 -
19th amendment
The 19th Amendment (1920) to the Constitution of the United States provides men and women with equal voting rights. The amendment states that the right of citizens to vote "shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex." -
nativism
Nativists believed they were the true "Native" Americans, despite their being descended from immigrants themselves. In response to the waves of immigration in the mid-nineteenth century, Nativists created political parties and tried to limit the rights of immigrants. -
Progressivism
Progressivism is the support for or advocacy of social reform. As a philosophy, it is based on the Idea of Progress, which asserts that advancements in science, technology, economic development, and social organization are vital to the improvement of the human condition. -
Susan B. Anthony
Susan was raised in a Quaker household and went on to work as a teacher before becoming a leading figure in the abolitionist and women's voting rights movement. she partnered with Elizabeth Cady Stanton and lead the National American Woman suffrage association. -
Clarence Darrow
Clarence was a lawyer and leading member of the american civil liberties union. He defended high profile clients in many famous trial of the early 20th century. He defended a teenage thrill killers Leopold and leob for murdering a 14 year old boy. -
federal reserve act
Is an Act of Congress that created and established the Federal Reserve System, the central banking system of the United States, and which created the authority to issue Federal Reserve Notes (now commonly known as the U.S. Dollar) and Federal Reserve Bank Notes as legal tender. The Act was signed into law by President Woodrow Wilson. -
Upton Sinclair
Upton Sinclair was a writer who wrote nearly 100 bookstand other works in several genres. He won the Pulitzer Prize for fiction in 1943 -
Ida B. Wells
Ida was an african american journalist, newspaper editor, suffragist, sociologist, feminist, geologist, and an early leader in the Civil Rights movement. She led an anti-lynching crusade in the United States in the 1980's. She also went on to found and become integral in groups striving for African-americans justice. -
Tea Pot Dome Scandal
The Teapot Dome Scandal was a bribery incident that took place in the United States from 1921 to 1922, during the administration of President Warren G. Harding. had leased Navy petroleum reserves at Teapot Dome in Wyoming and two other locations in California to private oil companies at low rates without competitive bidding. In 1922 and 1923, the leases became the subject of a sensational investigation by Senator Thomas J. Walsh.
