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Aaland Islands Dispute
Finland was part of the Russian empire and the Aaland Islands were mostly Swedish culture. Finland gained independence from Russia and Finland and Sweden both claimed ownership of the Aaland Islands which lead to fears of conflict. The League of Nations was sent to prevent conflict and ruled in favor of Finland and protected Swedish language and control. It is important as it was an example of the League of Nations succesfully promoting peace and satisfaction for both nations. -
Fiume Crisis
Fiume was a port mixed with Italians and Yugoslavian population. It created tension when both Italy and Yugoslavia claimed due to economic reasons. Italy occupied and claimed Fiume as their own state which created conflict, but Italian forces maintained control of Fiume. The Fiume Crisis is an important example of why international tensions stayed high as it created further tensions in the region and was not properly resolved for both parties. -
German reparations fixed at 132 billion gold marks
The Treaty of Versailles had enforced reparations on Germany to 132 billion gold marks (around $12,370 billion). It was unrealistic to Germany's economy and was not reduced until years later. Germany had resentment and instability after these reparations were enforced. It was an example of dissatisfaction from peace treaties as Germany was burdened, allies like Britain and France had different opinions creating tensions, and created social unrest/politial tension. -
Washington Naval Conference
Conference to address post-WWI naval arms and avoiding future conflict related. It was attended by the United States, Britian, Japan, France, and Italy. There were treaties as a result such as the Five-Power Treaty to limit naval construction. It was important to improving international relations as it helped with long term tensions and allowed better alliance between those in the Conference. -
Ruhr Crisis
French and Belgium troops occupied Germany's Ruhr region. This was to make Germany pay their reparations as they were in too much debt to be able to. It was also because they put matters into their own hands when the League of Nations would not act upon it, and France resented them. German economy had hyperinflation and Ruhr workers went on strikes. This allowed international tensions to be high, as Germany was now struggling even more, and showed the League of Nations was not effective. -
Corfu Crisis
Greece and Italy had territorial disputes against Corfu. An Italian troop was assassinated trying to settle a border dispute and blamed Greeks in which Italy occupied Corfu. Greek turned to the League of Nations and Italy withdrew from Corfu after negotiations. It showed the League was not very successful as they did not prevent aggression and Italy and Greece alliance weakened. They were still somewhat successful as they allowed satisfaction without war or violence. -
Dawes Plan
Dawes had the idea to reconstruct German reparations and gave them US loans to help with Germany's debt and make them able to pay. It led to French and Belgium troops leaving the Ruhr. It also helped Germany recover from its economic debt short term. It showed effective efforts to improve international tensions between Germany and other powers, but it did not last long for their economy. -
Treaty of Versailles Signed With Germany
Germany had no choice or voice in signing and the terms of the Treaty. It was a peace treaty ending WWI, creating the League of Nations, and Germany was seen as the cause of the war so they were given harsher conditions. This included reduction in German military, territory, and inability to rebuild armed forces making them weaker. This was key to why there was dissatisfaction with peace treaties as it humiliated them, left them in years of debt, and created international tensions in the future. -
Kellog-Briand Pact
Signed by many powers like United States and France to stop war being the main way of solving disutes between nations. Countries involved with the pact agreed to resolve conflicts peacefully instead of through war, to avoid another World War. It was not effective in the future as it was not actually listened to. It showed effort in improving international relations as people came to a common want for peace, but they did not get along in maintaining that. -
Young Plan
An agreement to ease financial burdens of Germany nade by an American committee. It extended the time that Germany had to pay their reparations and lowered their amount slightly. It made France resent it as they felt Germany should not be let down easy. It showed efforts to improve relations as they wanted to improve economic stability and made them realize Germany was not able to meet these demands realistically as nations made their situation worse.