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13th Amendment
abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. -
Jim Crow Law
become a pejorative expression meaning "Negro". When southern legislatures passed laws of racial segregation directed against blacks at the end of the 19th century, these statutes became known as Jim Crow laws. -
Civil Disobediance
refusal to comply with certain laws or to pay taxes and fines, as a peaceful form of political protest. -
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Black Codes
laws passed by Democrat-controlled Southern states after the Civil War. These laws had the intent and the effect of restricting African Americans' freedom, and of compelling them to work in a labor economy based on low wages or debt. -
14th Amendment
national citizenship and forbidding the states to restrict the basic rights of citizens or other persons. -
Sharecropping/Tenant Farming
Sharecropping-form of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on their portion of land. -
15th Amendement
prohibits the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude". -
Lynching
extrajudicial punishment by an informal group. It is most often used to characterize informal public executions by a mob in order to punish an alleged transgressor, or to intimidate a group. -
Plessy V. Ferguson
Involved segregated train facilities in Louisiana and the court ruled that separate but equal did not violate 14th amendments equal protection clause. -
CORE (Congress of racial equality)
became one of the leading activist organizations in the early years of the American Civil Rights Movement. In the early 1960s, CORE, working with other civil rights groups, launched a series of initiatives: the Freedom Rides, aimed at desegregating public facilities, the Freedom Summer voter registration project and the historic 1963 March on Washington. -
Hector P. Garcia
Hector Perez Garcia was a Mexican-American physician, surgeon, World War II veteran, civil rights advocate, and founder of the American G.I. Forum. -
Desegregration
the ending of a policy of racial segregation -
Stokley Carmichael
Trinidadian-American who became a prominent figure in the Civil Rights Movement and the global Pan-African movement. He grew up in the United States from the age of 11 and became an activist while he attended Howard University -
Brown V. Board of Education
They tried to overturn kansas law allowing school segregation and they NAACP recruited Brown, others to try to enroll children in schools nearest to their homes. -
Emmet Till
African American from Chicago, is brutally murdered for flirting with a white woman four days earlier. His assailants–the white woman’s husband and her brother–made Emmett carry a 75-pound cotton-gin fan to the bank of the Tallahatchie River and ordered him to take off his clothes. The two men then beat him nearly to death, gouged out his eye, shot him in the head, and then threw his body, tied to the cotton-gin fan with barbed wire, into the river. -
Rosa Parks
The day she refused to give up her seat on the bus and started the Montgomery bus Boycott -
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Montgomery Bus Boycott
seminal event in the Civil Rights Movement, was a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of Montgomery, Alabama. -
Orval Faubus
Stand against desegregration of the little rock district during the little rock crisis. -
SCLC (Southern Christian Leadership Conference
African-American civil rights organization -
Civil Rights Act of 1957
a voting rights bill, was the first federal civil rights legislation passed by the United States Congress -
Little Rock Nine
Governor Orval Faubus ordered the Arkansas National Guard to prevent African American students from enrolling at Central High School. Central High was an all white school. -
Sit-ins
form of protest in which demonstrators occupy a place, refusing to leave until their demands are met. -
Affirmative Action
President John F. Kennedy issued an executive order mandating government contractors to take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed, and that employees are treated during employment, without regard to their race, creed, color, or national origin -
Freedom Riders
civil rights activists who rode interstate buses into the segregated southern United States and to help prevent segregration -
Cesar Chavez
American labor leader and civil rights activist who, with Dolores Huerta, co-founded the National Farm Workers Association and as a labor leader, Chavez led marches, called for boycotts and went on several hunger strikes -
Ole Miss Integration
Riots erupted on the campus of the University of Mississippi in Oxford where locals, students, and committed segregationists had gathered to protest the enrollment of James Meredith, a black Air Force veteran attempting to integrate the all-white school -
Batty Friedan
Published the book "The Feminine Mystique" She advocated for an increased role for women in the political process and is remembered as a pioneer of feminism and the women’s rights movements. -
March on Washington
The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, the March on Washington, or The Great March on Washington, was held in Washington, D.C. -
U of Alabama Integration
When African American students attempted to desegregate the University of Alabama's new governor, flanked by state troopers, literally blocked the door of the enrollment office. -
Martin Luther King Jr.
Martin Luther King Jr., delivered a speech to a massive group of civil rights marchers gathered around the Lincoln memorial in Washington DC -
Civil rights movement of 1964
a landmark civil rights and US labor law in the United States that outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. -
Voting rights Act of 1965
aimed to overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels that prevented African Americans from exercising their right to vote under the 15th Amendment -
Wats Riots
The Watts Riot, which raged for six days and resulted in more than forty million dollars worth of property damage, was both the largest and costliest urban rebellion of the Civil Rights era. -
Lester Maddox
widespread dissatisfaction with desegregation, Maddox surprised many by serving as an able, though unquestionably colorful, chief executive. Owned the Pig rick restaurant. -
Black Panthers
for Self-Defense, African American revolutionary party, founded in 1966 in Oakland, California, by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale. The party's original purpose was to patrol African American neighbourhoods to protect residents from acts of police brutality. -
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Non-Violent protest
the practice of achieving goals such as social change through symbolic protests, civil disobedience, economic or political noncooperation, satyagraha, or other methods, while being nonviolent. -
Thurgood Marshall
Won the brown case and was the grandson of slave and grew up to be the chief legal counsel of NAACP -
Title IX (9)
No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance.
