Unit 2

By 818865@mystma.org
  • 900 BCE

    Sparta is founded

    Sparta was established in the region of Laconia in the southeastern Peloponnese.
  • 700 BCE

    Entertainment

    First documented musical competitions in Greece. Sparta, along with Argos and Paros, held these competitions, highlighting the cultural aspects of Spartan society
  • 700 BCE

    First Messenian war

    Sparta engaged in a prolonged conflict with Messenia, leading to the subjugation of the Messenian people.
  • Period: 669 BCE to 668 BCE

    First Battle of Hysiae

    A conflict between Sparta and Argos resulted in a Spartan defeat.
  • 645 BCE

    Messenian Revolt

    Suppression of the Messenian Revolt. Sparta crushed the Messenian revolt, solidifying its control over the Messenian region.
  • 548 BCE

    Control of Thyrea

    Control of Thyrea. Sparta took control of Thyrea from Argos, expanding its territorial influence.
  • 545 BCE

    Peloponnesian League Formation

    Sparta established the Peloponnesian League, an alliance with Corinth, Elis, and Tegea, which established Spartan hegemony over the Peloponnese.
  • 494 BCE

    Battle of Sepeia

    Sparta achieved a decisive victory over Argos, reinforcing its military dominance in the region.
  • 480 BCE

    Battle of Thermopylae

    King Leonidas I led a small force of Spartans and allies against the Persian army, becoming a symbol of courage and sacrifice.
  • 480 BCE

    Battle of Salamis

    Although not directly involving Sparta, the naval victory by the Greek city-states, including Spartan allies, was crucial in repelling the Persian invasion.
  • 479 BCE

    Battle of Plataea

    It was a decisive land battle where the Greek forces, led by Sparta, defeated the Persian army, effectively ending the Persian invasion.
  • 431 BCE

    Peloponnesian War

    Sparta and its allies fought against Athens and its allies, ultimately leading to Spartan victory and the end of the Athenian Empire.
  • 394 BCE

    Sack of Sparta

    The city was sacked by the Visigothic king Alaric, further contributing to its decline.
  • 371 BCE

    Battle of Naxos

    A naval engagement where Sparta was defeated by Athens, signaling a shift in naval power in the Aegean.
  • 362 BCE

    Second Battle of Mantinea.

    This was a significant battle in which Sparta, along with Athens and other allies, faced off against the Theban-led Boeotian League. The result was a tactical draw but a strategic loss for Sparta.
  • 361 BCE

    Battle of Leuctra

    Thebes defeated Sparta, ending Spartan hegemony in Greece.
  • 222 BCE

    Battle of Sellasia

    Sparta was defeated by the Achaean League and Macedon's combined forces, which suspended the Spartan kingship.
  • 192 BCE

    Annexation by Achaea

    Sparta was annexed by the Achaean League, marking the end of its political independence.
  • 146 BCE

    Roman conquest of Greece

    Sparta was incorporated into the Roman Empire, leading to a period of decline.
  • Period: 685 to 668 BCE

    Second Messenian War

    A significant uprising by the Messenians against Spartan rule, which Sparta ultimately suppressed.