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AAIB- Air Accidents Investigation Branch
The Air Accidents Investigation Branch plays a crucial role in investigating civil aviation accidents and serious incidents in the UK. They aim to determine the causes and contributing factors of accidents and provide recommendations to enhance aviation safety. The AAIB conducts thorough and independent investigations, focusing on preventing future accidents rather than assigning blame. Their work is vital in improving aviation safety and preventing similar incidents from happening again. -
Pan Am
Pan Am was one of the most iconic and influential airlines in aviation history. It played a significant role in the development of international air travel, introducing many innovations and establishing routes across the globe. They were known for their luxurious service and glamorous reputation, often referred to as the "chosen instrument" of American foreign policy. Unfortunately, Pan Am ceased operations in 1991. -
IATA- International Air Transport Association
They are a global trade association representing airlines from around the world. IATA works to support and promote safe, secure, efficient, and sustainable air travel. They develop industry standards, provide training and support, and advocate for the interests of airlines. They also facilitate cooperation among airlines, governments, and other stakeholders to ensure the smooth operation of the global air transport network. -
Opening of Heathrow Airport
When Heathrow Airport opened in 1946, it was originally a small airfield called Great West Aerodrome. Over the years, it expanded and transformed into one of the world's major international airports. Today, Heathrow is a bustling hub, connecting millions of passengers to destinations all around the globe. -
Laker Airways
Laker Airways was founded in 1966 by Sir Freddie Laker. It was a British airline that operated low-cost flights, pioneering the concept of affordable air travel. Laker Airways offered transatlantic flights at significantly lower fares compared to other airlines at the time. Their innovative "Skytrain" service made air travel more accessible to a wider range of people. Unfortunately, Laker Airways ceased operations in 1982. -
Development of jet aircraft 747
The Boeing 747, also known as the "Queen of the Skies," first took flight in 1969. It was a game-changer in the world of aviation, as it was the first wide-body commercial aircraft with a double-deck configuration. The 747 could carry a large number of passengers, making it a popular choice for long-haul flights. Its distinctive hump on the front of the aircraft made it instantly recognizable. The 747 revolutionized air travel and set new standards for size, capacity, and comfort. -
Development of jet aircraft DC-10
The DC-10, a wide-body jet aircraft, first took to the skies in 1970. It was developed by McDonnell Douglas and became a popular choice for long-haul flights. The DC-10 had three engines and could carry a large number of passengers, making it an efficient and spacious option for air travel. It played a significant role in expanding the capabilities of commercial aviation during its time. -
The rise of ‘No Frills’ airlines
The rise of "No Frills" airlines, also known as low-cost carriers, gained momentum in the late 20th century. One of the pioneers in this model was Southwest Airlines, which started operating in 1971. These airlines focus on offering affordable fares by cutting back on traditional services like meals and in-flight entertainment. Instead, they prioritize efficiency, quick turnarounds, and point-to-point routes. -
CAA- Civil Aviation Authority's
The Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) is responsible for regulating and overseeing civil aviation within a specific country. They ensure that airlines, airports, and other aviation entities comply with safety regulations and standards. The CAA also plays a role in licensing pilots and aircraft maintenance personnel, conducting inspections, and investigating accidents or incidents. They work to ensure the safety and efficiency of air travel for everyone. -
British Airways
British Airways is a renowned British airline with a rich history. They offer an extensive network of routes connecting various destinations around the world. With London Heathrow Airport as their main hub, British Airways operates flights to major cities in Europe, North America, Asia, Africa, and beyond. They also have a secondary hub at London Gatwick Airport, which further expands their reach. -
British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC)
BOAC went through quite a development over the years. It expanded its route network, introduced new aircraft, and improved its services to meet the growing demands of air travel. BOAC played a vital role in establishing air routes to different parts of the world, including long-haul flights to destinations like Australia and South Africa. It was also one of the pioneers in introducing jet aircraft, making air travel faster and more efficient. -
Concorde
Concorde, the supersonic passenger jet, made its first commercial flight in 1976. It was a joint venture between British Airways and Air France, and it quickly became an icon of luxury and speed in air travel. It could fly from London to New York in just under three and a half hours, which was incredibly fast compared to other commercial aircraft. Concorde's sleek design and technological advancements made it a symbol of innovation and progress in aviation. Concorde retired in 2003. -
De-regulation of the airlines
The deregulation of the airlines industry in the United States began in 1978. Before that, the government had more control over routes, fares, and market entry. Deregulation opened up competition, allowing airlines to set their own fares and routes. This led to lower prices, increased options for travelers, and ultimately, a more competitive and dynamic airline industry. -
Emirates
Emirates is an incredible airline based in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. They have a vast network of routes that span across six continents, connecting travelers to over 150 destinations worldwide. With Dubai International Airport as their main hub, Emirates operates flights to major cities in Asia, Africa, Europe, the Americas, and beyond. They are known for their luxurious in-flight experience, top-notch service, and state-of-the-art aircraft. -
The change in airline check-in- Online check-in
Online check-in became more widely available in the late 1990s and early 2000s. It was a game-changer for air travel, allowing passengers to check in for their flights and select their seats from the comfort of their own homes. This shift to online check-in offered convenience, saved time at the airport, and reduced the need for long queues at check-in counters. Nowadays, most airlines offer online check-in options through their websites or mobile apps. -
Easyjet
EasyJet is a popular low-cost airline based in the UK. They operate a wide range of routes across Europe, making it easy and affordable to travel to various destinations. With their primary hub at London Luton Airport, EasyJet connects travelers to cities like Barcelona, Amsterdam, Rome, and many more. They focus on providing affordable fares while still maintaining a good level of service. -
The growth of airports and airport facilities
The growth of airports and airport facilities has been happening for a long time, with different airports experiencing growth at different times. It's not easy to pinpoint a specific year when it all began because airports have been evolving and expanding gradually over the years. However, significant growth and modernization efforts have taken place since the mid-20th century to keep up with the increasing demand for air travel. -
Tightening Security following 9/11
After the tragic events of 9/11 in 2001, there was a significant tightening of security measures in the aviation industry. The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) was created in response to the attacks, and they implemented stricter screening procedures, including the introduction of enhanced passenger screening, baggage checks, and restrictions on items allowed on board. The goal was to enhance the safety and security of air travel. -
Development of jet aircraft A380
The Airbus A380, one of the largest passenger aircraft ever built, took its first flight in 2005. It's a true marvel of engineering, known for its spaciousness and luxurious features. The A380 can accommodate a large number of passengers and offers various amenities, making long-haul flights more comfortable. With its impressive size and advanced technology, the A380 represents a significant milestone in the development of jet aircraft. -
Development of jet aircraft B787
The Boeing 787 Dreamliner, known for its fuel efficiency and advanced features, entered service in 2011. It was developed by Boeing as a long-range, wide-body aircraft. The Dreamliner incorporates composite materials, larger windows, and improved cabin pressurization, providing a more comfortable flying experience. Its innovative design and technology have made it a popular choice for airlines around the world. -
Introduction
Air travel has come a long way in the past 80 years. From humble beginnings, it has become faster, more comfortable, and accessible to more people. With advancements in technology, airplanes have become more efficient, allowing for longer flights and connecting people across the globe. -
BIBLIOGRAPHY
EBOOK UNIT 16- WORLDWIDE PASSENGER AIRLINES
PRESENTATION- UNIT 16-LO3 UNDERSTAND THE EFFECTS OF EXTERNAL INFLUENCES ON THE WORLDWIDE AIRLINE INDUSTRY
MAGAZINE: https://mach-2-magazine.co.uk
YOUTUBE VIDEO: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_At_8ZfqSLo
WEBSITES:;
https://www.britannica.com/money/Pan-American-World-Airways-Inc
https://www.britannica.com/technology/Concorde
https://www.caa.co.uk
https://www.britairliners.org/airliners-article?title=history-of-boac&id=24