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Period: Jan 1, 1000 to
U.S. History Timeline
Corey Wadsworth
Lesson 6
Honors United States History -
Period: Jan 1, 1000 to Dec 31, 1450
Hohokam
A Native American tribe located in the Californian/New Mexican region of the United States. Sometime around the year 1375 and 1450 the traditions and stability of the people eventually weakened and the tribe eventually abandoned. -
Period: Jan 1, 1000 to Dec 31, 1300
Anasazi/Pueblo People
A small civilization of people that lived in the dry lands of the current American Southwest. Later they were called Pueblos due to the name that Spanish gave the kind of houses they lived in. -
Period: Jan 1, 1000 to Aug 13, 1521
Mayans
One of the first major civilizations to exist within the Mesoamerican region. They were both Culturally and Technologically advanced group of people and strived well until the arival of the Spanish. It wasn't long before their people were conquered along with the Aztecs. -
Period: Jan 1, 1154 to Dec 31, 1485
Middle Ages
A period of time well known for its social change, massive rebellions, international conflicts, terrible natural disasters, and burgeoning nationalism. -
Jun 15, 1215
Magna Carta
One of the first ever accounts of the power of the king being limited. Though it orgininally only affected the nobility, it was eventually aplied to the people as well, and was a major influence on the American Constitution and Bill of Rights. -
Period: Jan 1, 1350 to
Renaissance
Was a massive cultural movement that spanned many centuries, and began in Italy. Politically it encouraged the idea of diplomacy, and it increased observation withen science. -
Period: Jan 1, 1400 to Aug 13, 1521
Aztecs
A powerful militaristic empire formed in present day Mexico. Though this did not last due to the quick conquest of their captial Tenochititlan by the Spanish in 1521. -
Jan 1, 1440
Middle Passage
The Middle Passage was a well know stage of triangular transportation of African slaves to the Americas. This first began in the 1440s by the Portuguese, who had a monopoly on the trade for nearly another 200 years. It was later adopted by British slavers in the 18th century. -
Period: Jan 1, 1450 to
Iroquois Confedracy
A group of multiple nations comprising of the Mohawk, Onondaga, Oneida, Cayuga, Seneca, Tuscarora, This group of nations are believed to have formed Pre-European Colonization and remained strong long after. -
Jan 1, 1451
Christopher Columbus
A famous explorer well known for being one of the first explorers to discover the Americas. He is also the founder of the Columbus exchange, a well known trade route between the Americas, and the Afro-Eurasian Hemisphere. -
Period: Apr 22, 1451 to Jan 23, 1516
Queen Isabella of Spain and King Ferdinand of Aragon
The current King and Queen of Spain, and also the country that funded Columbus' expedition to the Americas. -
Jan 1, 1474
Juan Ponce De Leon
A Spanish Explorer, and was apointed as the first Governor of Puerto Rico by the Spanish Crown. He also lead the expidition to Florida, and gave it its name. -
Jan 1, 1492
Columbian Exchange
The large scale trade that took place between American and Afro-European Hemispheres. It resulted in the widespread transfer of Animals, Plants, Culture, Disease, Human Populations, Technology, and Ideas. -
Oct 27, 1497
Hernando De Soto
A Spanish Explorer, and one of the very first European's to have ever managed to cross the Mississippi River. -
Mar 13, 1499
Juan Rodriquez Cabrillo
A Portugues explorer who explorered the west half of the North American Coast on the behalf of Spain. Was the first European to navigate the coast of present day California. -
Jan 1, 1510
Francisco Vasquez De Coronado
Lead a grand expedition from Mexico all the way to Kansas in search for the Mythical Seven Cities of Gold. -
Period: Oct 31, 1517 to
Reformation
A large movement that spread throughout Europe that both criticized and challenged the powers of the Church and were later the followers were called Protestants due to their protest of Church actions. -
Period: Sep 7, 1533 to
Queen Elizabeth I
Queen Elizabeth I, often called the Virgin Queen, was a childless Queen of England and was the fifth and last remaning monarch of the Tudor dynasty. -
Jan 1, 1542
The first Viceroyalties
These were colonial governments created to govern and managed Spains foreign colonies more efficiently. -
Jan 1, 1558
Puritans
Was an activist movement withen the Curch of England that appeared shortly after the accession of Elizabeth I of England. Due to laws restricting the practice of religion within England many left and eventually emigrated to New England. -
Period: Jun 19, 1566 to
King James I
Was born as the king of Scotland and known as King James IV. Soon, due to a union with England, he became known as King James I, King of England and Ireland. -
Spanish Armada
Was a massive fleet of nearly 130 ships with the purpose of escorting an Army from Flanders to invade England. It was under the command of the Duke of Medina Sidonia, but was eventually defeated by the English Navy. -
Indentured Servants
It was a colonial methode developed soon after Jamestown was first settled. The idea was born out of a need for cheap labor in order to attract more workers. -
Founding of Jamestown
Was the first permanent English settlement within the Americas. It was Established by the Virginia Company of London as "James Fort." It was followed by several earlier failed attempts, and would serve as a colony for 83 more years. -
The House of Burgesses
Was one of the first legislative assemplies of elected representatives in North America. It was established by the Virginia Company, and was mainly created to encourage Enlgish craftsmen to settle in North America and to make colonial conditions more agreeable for the current inhabitants. -
The Mayflower Compact
The Mayflower Compact was a document signed by 41 adult males aboard the Mayflower before they reached the Plymouth Colony. It was an agreement which would set up a government within the colony. -
Royal Governors
These were colonial governors appointed by the English Crown in order to manage and hold small overseas colonies in the Americas. -
Massachusetts Colony
Sometime in the year 1630 1,000 Puritan Refugess from England established the first colony within Massachusetts. It was lead by Governor John Winthrop. -
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King Charles II of England
Was monarch of the three kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland. His father, King Charles I, was executed at the end of the English Civil War, on 30 January 1649. -
Maryland Colony
Cecil Calvert, 2nd Lord of Baltimore, founded Maryland in 1632. Cecil's father, George Calvert had received a royal charter for the land from King Charles I. The new colony was named after Henrietta Maria, the wife the king. -
Connecticut Colony
Thomas Hooker, and Governor John Heynes, lead 100 people to what is now present day Hartford. This is believed to be the beginning of the colony in Connecticut. -
Rhode Island Colony
Was founded by Roger Williams and others at Providence. -
New Hampshire Colony
The colony was originally founded by John Mason, and was later established by John Wheelwright. -
Navigation Acts
It was a series of laws that limited trade with Foreign ships and British colonies in the Americas. This law continued for another 200 years. -
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George I
George I was King of Great Britain and Ireland from the 1st of August 1714 until death. Due to the Act of Settlement 1701 over fifty Roman Catholics were denied the right to inherit therefore he took the throne. -
Carolina Colony
Sir Robert Heath, attorney-general of King Charles I of England, was granted the Cape Fear region of America, incorporated as the Province of Carolina, in 1629. The charter was unrealized and ruled invalid, and a new charter was issued to a group of eight English noblemen, the Lords Proprietors, on March 24, 1663. -
New York colony
This colony was originally established by the Dutch as the colony of New Netherlands in the year 1610. Sadly though for them, it was later sieged and taken over by the British in the year 1664, and was renamed into the colony of New York. -
New Jersey Colony
Just like New York, New Jersey was originally a Dutch Colony until the British seized it in 1664. It was then seperated from New York, and renamed into New Jersey. -
Pennsylvania Colony
The Pennsylvania Colony was founded on the fourth of March in 1681, by William Penn, as dictated by a Royal Charter by King Charles the II. -
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King George II
George II was King of Great Britain and Ireland, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire from 11 June 1727 until his death. -
Two Treatises of Government
This was a book written anonymously by John Locke, that questioned common political philosophies, and later inspired the American Revolution. -
Plantations
Though this term was originally used for an early method of colonization in the Americas, it quickly changed into a term sometime in the late 1600's for the large farms that were an economical bases for American Colonies. -
Georgia Colony
James Oglethorpe and the twenty-one other men, established the colony, and eventually after making the charter, convinced King George II to sign it. -
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King George III of the United Kingdom
King George III was King of Great Britain and King of Ireland from the 25 of October 1760 until the union of the countries on the first of January 1801, after of which he was king of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. -
French Indian War
The French Indian War was the North American Theater of the much larger Seven Years War. It was fought between the British Colonies, and New France and their Native American allies. -
Alexander Hamilton
Alexander Hamilton was a founding father of the United States, chief staff aide to General George Washington, one of the most influential interpreters and promoters of the U.S. Constitution. -
Treaty of Paris 1763
Was a treaty signed between the French, Spanish, and British, marking the end of the seven years war, as well as a major loss for the French. -
Proclamation of 1763
A act that forbid British settlers from settling past a certain point in the Americas. Though it was loosely enforced by the British. -
Stamp Act
This was a new form of tax imposed on American Colonist. It required them to pay an extra fee on any printed piece of paper that they used. -
Boston Massacre
This was when a group of armed British soldiers fired into a crowd, and killed five colonist. Though no one is exactly sure who fired first, or why, it is believed that it was the outcome of high tensions between the people and the newly imposed taxes. -
Battle of Lexington
This was one of the first battles between the British and Colonist, and is often marked as the beginning of the American Revolution. -
Common Sense
Common Sense was a pamplet written by an author named Thomas Paine, who by writting this helped inspire the thirteen colonies to rebel against the British. -
The Declaration of Independence
Though it was officially signed, and created on July 2, it wasn't passed by congress until July 4, therefore officially severing the 13 American colonies ties from Great Britain. -
The Battle of Saratoga
A major battle in the Saratoga campaign, and marking a decisive victory to the Americans over the British in the revolutionary war. -
The Articles of Confederation
The Articles of Confederation officially stated the the United States was a confederation of thirteen soveriegn states and served as its first constitution. -
Battle of Yorktown
George Washington, commanding a force of 17,000 French and Continental troops, began to lay siege to Yorktown, against General Lord Charles Cornwallis and his 9,000 British troops. -
Treaty of Paris 1783
The Treaty of Paris marked the end of the Revolutionary War, as well as a victory for the American Colonist. -
Treaty of Paris 1783
The treaty of Paris 1783 marked the end of the revolutionary war, as well as a defeat for the British. -
The Great Compromise
Was an agreement between large and small states, over the structure of the legislative government and its state representation. -
The Federalist Papers
These were a collection of papers written and published by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay, in support of the Constitution. -
The Constitution
The document that described the powers of each branch of government, and the seperation of powers,.It also explains the concepts of federalism, states rights in relation to the government. -
Anti Federalist
A group that opposed the formation of a stronger U.S. federal government, and later opposed the ratification of the constitution. -
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George Washington's presidential term
George Washington was the first President of the United States, the Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. -
Second Great Awakening
This marked the beginning of the movement that strived towards western expansion, and eventually lead to the desire to outlaw slavery in the United States. -
Democratic-Republican Party
The second political party in the United States, and was organized by then United States Secretary of State, Thomas Jefferson and James Madison to oppose the federalist party. -
Whiskey Rebellion
Large rebellion during George Washington's presidency, that protested the taxation of Whiskey. Though all distilled beverages were taxed at this time, Whiskey was by far the most popular, earning it's name. -
Bill of Rights
These were the first ten amendments of the United States Constitution, in order to convince the anti-federalist to support the Constitution. -
Democratic Party
The party was a proponent for farmers across the country, urban workers, and new immigrants. It advocated westward expansion, Manifest Destiny, greater equality among all white men, and opposition to the national bank. -
Eli Whitney's Cotton Gen
The Cotton Gen was the first ever mechanical invention outside of Great Britain, and began the first step in America's first industrial revolution. -
Cornelius Vanderbilt
Cornelius Vanderbilt, also known by the sobriquet Commodore, was an American business magnate and philanthropist who built his wealth in railroads and shipping. -
Federalists
Sometime in 1795 the Federalist became an official party in the United States. This was a party that supported the ideas of nationalism, and federalism as a whole. -
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John Adams Presidential term
The second president of the United States, who also served as the previous Vice President to George Washington. -
Thomas Jefferson becomes president
Thomas Jefferson first took office on the fourth of March, 1801. -
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Thomas Jefferson's Presidential term
Thomas Jefferson was an American Founding Father, the principal author of the Declaration of Independence, and the third President of the United States. -
Marbury V. Madison
This case helped define the boundary between the constitutionally separate executive and judicial branches of the American form of government. -
Louisiana Purchase
The United States purchased vast amounts of French Louisiana Territory, earning it's name the Louisiana Purchase. -
Lewis and Clark Expedition
Was a large expedition into the Louisiana territory shortly after it was purchased by the United States from the French. It was lead by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark. -
William Lloyd Garrison
A well known American abolitionist, he wrote many anti-slavery news articles. He also was a founder of the American Anti-Slavery society. -
James Maddison Becomes President
On the fourth of March, 1809, James Maddison becomes the United States fourth President. -
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James Maddison's Presidential term
James Madison, Jr. was an American statesman, political theorist and the fourth President of the United States. -
Underground Railroad
An underground passageway that lead almost 100,000 slaves to freedom in the almost 40 years that it ran. -
War of 1812
The United States declared war on June 18, 1812 for several reasons, including trade restrictions brought about by the British war with France, the impressment of American merchant sailors into the Royal Navy, and British support of Indian tribes against American expansion. -
Stephen A. Douglas
He was an American politician from Illinois and the designer of the Kansas–Nebraska Act. He was a U.S. Representative, a U.S. Senator, and the Democratic Party nominee for President in the 1860 election, losing to Republican Abraham Lincoln. -
Second Bank of the United States
A national bank had first been created by George Washington and Alexander Hamilton in 1791 to serve as a central repository for federal funds. The Second Bank of the United States was founded in 1816; five years after this first bank's charter had expired. -
Robert E. Lee
Robert Edward Lee was an American soldier best known for commanding the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia in the American Civil War from 1862 until his surrender in 1865. -
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James Monroe's Presidential Term
James Monroe was the fifth President of the United States, as well as the last president who was a Founding Father. -
Frederick Douglass
He was a popular African American social reformer, orator, writer, and statesman. He was also a strong supporter of the abolitionist movement. -
McCullock V. Maryland
The case imposed two main ideas, first, the Constitution grants to Congress implied powers for implementing the Constitution's express powers, in order to create a functional national government. Second, state action may not impede valid constitutional exercises of power by the Federal government. -
Missouri Compromise
In an effort to preserve the balance of power in Congress between slave and free states, the Missouri Compromise was passed in 1820 admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state. -
Susan B. Anthony
Susan Brownell Anthony was an American social reformer who played a pivotal role in the women's suffrage movement. Born into a Quaker family committed to social equality, she collected anti-slavery petitions at the age of 17. -
Harriet Tubman
Born an African slave, she quickly escaped into freedom. Soon after she served as a Union spy during the American civil war, and died at age 91. -
Monroe Doctrine
A document that stated the European powers, according to Monroe, were obligated to respect the Western Hemisphere as the United States' sphere of interest. -
National Republican Party
in 1825, the Democratic-Republican Party, which had been the only national American political party for over a decade, began to fracture, losing its infrastructure and identity. Its caucuses no longer met to select candidates because now they had separate interests. After the 1824 election, factions developed in support of Adams and in support of Andrew Jackson. Adams politicians, including most ex-Federalists -
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James Quincy Adams Presidential Term
John Quincy Adams was an American statesman who served as the sixth President of the United States from 1825 to 1829. He also served as a diplomat, a Senator and member of the House of Representatives. -
Erie Canal
In order to open the country west of the Appalachian Mountains to settlers and to offer a cheap and safe way to carry produce to a market, the construction of a canal was proposed as early as 1768. However, those early proposals would connect the Hudson River with Lake Ontario near Oswego. It was not until 1808 that the state legislature funded a survey for a canal that would connect to Lake Erie. Finally, on July 4, 1817, Governor Dewitt Clinton broke ground for the construction of the canal. -
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Andrew Jackson's Presidential Term
Andrew Jackson was the seventh President of the United States. He was born into a recently immigrated Scots-Irish farming family of relatively modest means, near the end of the colonial era. -
Indian Removal Act
It authorized the president to grant unsettled lands west of the Mississippi in exchange for Indian lands within existing state borders. This eventually lead to a series of acts of forced removal, called the trail of tears. -
George Pullman
George Mortimer Pullman was an American engineer and industrialist. He designed and manufactured the Pullman sleeping car and founded a company town, Pullman, for the workers who manufactured it. -
Nat Turner's Slave Rebellion
Nat Turner was an African American slave that lead a massive rebellion against slave owners. It resulted in the deaths of 60 white people. The Rebellion was quickly put down, and Nat Turner soon executed not to long after. -
Andrew Carnegie
He was a Scottish American industrialist who led the enormous expansion of the American steel industry in the late 19th century. He was also one of the highest profile philanthropists of his era and had given away almost 90 percent – amounting to, in 1919, $350 million. -
Ralph Waldo Emerson and Transcendentalism
Transcendentalism was the idea that taught divinity pervades all nature and humanity, and its members held progressive views on feminism and communal living. -
Samuel Morse's Telegraph
The telegraph was the first device to ever convey messages at long range, in an extremely short amount of time. -
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Martin Van Buren's Presidential Term
Martin Van Buren was the eighth President of the United States. Before his presidency, he was the eighth Vice President and the tenth secretary of state, both under Andrew Jackson. -
John D. Rockerfeller
John Davison Rockefeller, was an American business magnate and philanthropist. He was a co-founder of the Standard Oil Company, which dominated the oil industry and was the first great U.S. business trust. Rockefeller revolutionized the petroleum industry, and along with other key contemporary industrialists such as Andrew Carnegie, defined the structure of modern philanthropy. In 1870, he co-founded Standard Oil Company and actively ran it. -
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William Henry Harrison's Presidential Term
William Henry Harrison was the ninth President of the United States, an American military officer and politician, and the first president to die in office. -
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John Tyler's Presidential Term
John Tyler was the tenth President of the United States. He was elected vice president on the 1840 Whig ticket with William Henry Harrison, and became president after his running mate's death in April 1841. -
The American Party (The Known Nothings)
A political movement that promised to purify American politics by limiting or ending the influence of Irish Catholics and other immigrants, thus reflecting nativism and anti-Catholic sentiment. -
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James Polk's Presidential Term
James Knox Polk was the 11th President of the United States. Polk was born in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina. He later lived in and represented Tennessee. -
Mexican-American War
This was a war over Mexico's North Western including California and New Mexico. This is also believed to be a major result of American Manifest Destiny. -
Thomas Edison
Thomas Alva Edison was an American inventor and businessman. He developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world, including the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and a long-lasting, practical electric light bulb. -
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
A treaty between the United States and Mexico that officially ended the Mexican-American war. This treaty officially transfered over the territories of California and New Mexico to the U.S., and established new borders between the two countries. -
Seneca Falls Convention
This was the first Woman rights convention held in America. Its purpose was to discuss the social, civil, and religious condition and rights of woman. -
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Zachary Taylor's Presidential Term
Zachary Taylor was the 12th President of the United States, serving from March 1849 until his death in July 1850. Before his presidency, Taylor was a career officer in the United States Army, rising to the rank of major general. -
Second Industrial Revolution
A time when technological and economic progress gained momentum with the development of steam-powered ships, and railways. -
Compromise of 1850
This was a series of solutions proposed by Senator Henry Clay in order to advert a crisis between the North and the South. This established the Fugitive Slave Act, and abolished Slave Trade in Washington D.C. -
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Millard Fillmore's Presidential Term
Millard Fillmore was the 13th President of the United States, the last Whig president, and the last president not to be affiliated with either the Democratic or Republican parties. -
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Franklin Pierce's Presidential Term
Franklin Pierce was the 14th President of the United States. Genial and well-spoken, Pierce was a northern Democrat who saw the abolitionist movement as a fundamental threat to the unity of the nation. -
The Kansas-Nebraska Act
Created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska, as well as repealing the Missouri Compromise of 1820 by allowing white male settlers in those territories to determine through popular sovereignty whether they would allow slavery within each territory. -
Dred Scott Vs. Sanford
This case was a landmark decision by the U.S. Supreme Court in which the Court held that African Americans, whether enslaved or free, could not be American citizens and therefore had no standing to sue in federal court, after Dred Scott attempted to Sue for his freedom. -
Booker T. Washington
Booker Taliaferro Washington was an African-American educator, author, orator, and advisor to presidents of the United States. Between 1890 and 1915, Washington was the dominant leader in the African-American community. -
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James Buchanan's Presidential Term
James Buchanan, Jr. was the 15th President of the United States, serving immediately prior to the American Civil War. He is, to date, the only president from Pennsylvania and the only president to remain a lifelong bachelor. -
The Lincoln-Douglas Debates
Were a series of seven debates between Abraham Lincoln, the Republican candidate for the Senate in Illinois, and Senator Stephen Douglas, the Democratic Party candidate. -
John Brown and Harpers Ferry
This was an attempt by the white abolitionist John Brown to start an armed slave revolt in 1859 by seizing a United States arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia. Though he was soon overwhlemed and defeated a few days later. -
The Second Industrial Revolution
The Second Industrial Revolution, also known as the Technological Revolution, was a phase of the larger Industrial Revolution corresponding to the latter half of the 19th century until World War I. It is considered to have begun around the time of the introduction of Bessemer steel in the 1860s and culminated in early factory electrification, mass production and the production line. -
The Election of 1860
This served as the immediate impetus for the outbreak of the American Civil War. -
Confederate States of America
This was a republic composed of eleven Southern states that seceded from the Union in order to preserve slavery, states' rights, and political liberty for whites. -
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Abraham Lincoln's Presidential Term
Abraham Lincoln was the 16th president of the United States, serving from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. -
Battle of Fort Sumter
This was the bombardment and surrender of Fort Sumter, near Charleston, South Carolina, that started the American Civil War. Following declarations of secession by seven Southern states, South Carolina demanded that the US Army abandon its facilities in Charleston Harbor. -
The Battle of Bull Run
The First Battle of Bull Run, also known as First Manassas (the name used by Confederate forces), was fought on July 21, 1861, in Prince William County, Virginia, near the city of Manassas, not far from Washington, D.C. It was the first major battle of the American Civil War. -
Jefferson Davis
Jefferson Davis was a soldier and politician in the United States, that soon became the CSA's first and only president. -
The Battle of Shiloh
The Battle of Shiloh, also known as the Battle of Pittsburg Landing, was a major battle in the Western Theater of the American Civil War, fought April 6–7, 1862, in southwestern Tennessee. -
Homestead Act
Anyone who had never taken up arms against the U.S. government (including freed slaves and women), was 21 years or older, or the head of a family, could file an application to claim a federal land grant. -
The Battle of Antietam
Generals Robert E. Lee and George McClellan faced off near Antietam creek in Sharpsburg, Maryland, in the the first battle of the American Civil War to be fought on northern soil. -
The Emancipation Proclamation
as the nation approached its third year of bloody civil war. The proclamation declared "that all persons held as slaves" within the CSA "are, and henceforward shall be free." -
The Battle of Gettysburg
The Battle of Gettysburg, fought from July 1 to July 3, 1863, is considered the most important engagement of the American Civil War. After a great victory over Union forces at Chancellorsville, General Robert E. Lee marched his Army of Northern Virginia into Pennsylvania in late June 1863. -
Thirteenth Amendment
The 13th amendment abolished slavery in the United States and provides that "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States -
Reconstruction
This was a period in time where the South was being rebuilt after the Civil War, in order to fix its economic situation and political issues. -
Abraham Lincoln's Assassination
Lincoln was assassinated while attending the play, Our American Cousin, at Ford's Theatre as the American Civil War was drawing to a close. The assassination was carried out by a well known stage actor by the name of John Wilkes Booth in hopes to revive the Confederate cause. -
The Klu Klux Klan
This was a group of white southerners who terrorized African Americans in the south and anyone from the North soon after the Civil War. -
Civil Rights Act of 1866
This was the first United States federal law to define US citizenship and affirmed that all citizens were equally protected by the law. -
W.E.B. Du Bois
William Edward Burghardt, "W. E. B." Du Bois, was an American sociologist, historian, civil rights activist, Pan-Africanist, author and editor. -
The Fourteenth Amendment
This granted citizenship to “all persons born or naturalized in the United States,” which included former slaves recently freed. -
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Ulysses S. Grant's Presidential Term
Ulysses S. Grant was the 18th President of the United States. In 1865, as commanding general, Grant led the Union Armies to victory over the Confederacy in the American Civil War. -
Enforcement Acts
They were criminal codes which protected African-Americans' right to vote, to hold office, to serve on juries, and receive equal protection of laws. -
The Fifteenth Amendment
This amendment prohibits the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude." -
Woman's Christian Temperance Union
This was the first mass organization among women devoted to social reform with a program that "linked the religious and the secular through concerted and far-reaching reform strategies based on applied Christianity." -
The Battle of Little Bighorn
The Battle of the Little Bighorn, fought on June 25, 1876, near the Little Bighorn River in Montana Territory, pitted federal troops led by Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer against a band of Lakota Sioux and Cheyenne warriors. -
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Rutherford B Hayes' Presidential Term
As president, he oversaw the end of Reconstruction, began the efforts that led to civil service reform, and attempted to reconcile the divisions left over from the Civil War and Reconstruction. -
Upton Sinclair
He was an American author who wrote nearly 100 books in many genres. He achieved popularity in the first half of the twentieth century, acquiring particular fame for his classic muckraking novel, The Jungle . -
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James A. Garfield's Presidential Term
James Abram Garfield served as the 20th President of the United States, after completing nine consecutive terms in the U.S. House of Representatives. -
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Chester Arthur's Presidential Term
Chester Alan Arthur was the 21st President of the United States; he succeeded James Garfield upon the latter's assassination. -
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Grover Cleveland's Presidential Term
Stephen Grover Cleveland was the 22nd and 24th President of the United States; and, therefore was the only US president to serve two nonconsecutive terms and to be counted twice in the numbering of the presidents. -
Dawes Act
The Dawes Act, adopted by Congress in 1887, authorized the President of the United States to survey American Indian tribal land and divide it into allotments for individual Indians. -
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Benjamin Harrison's Presidential Term
Benjamin Harrison was the 23rd President of the United States; he was the grandson of the ninth President, William Henry Harrison. Harrison had become a prominent local attorney, Presbyterian church leader and politician in Indianapolis, Indiana. -
Settlement House Movement
Its main object was the establishment of "settlement houses" in poor urban areas, in which volunteer middle-class "settlement workers" would live, hoping to share knowledge and culture with, and alleviate the poverty of, their low-income neighbors. -
Jim Crow Laws
The Jim Crow laws were racial segregation laws enacted after the Reconstruction period in Southern United States, at state and local levels, and which continued in force until 1965, which mandated de jure racial segregation in all public facilities in Southern states of the former Confederacy, with, starting in 1890, a "separate but equal" status for African Americans. -
National American Woman Suffrage Association
The NAWSA was the largest and most important suffrage organization in the United States, and was the primary promoter of women's right to vote. Like AWSA and NWSA before it, the NAWSA pushed for a constitutional amendment guaranteeing women's voting rights, and was instrumental in winning the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1920. -
Sherman Anti Trust Act
The Sherman Anti-Trust Act was the first Federal act that outlawed monopolistic business practices and was the first measure passed by the U.S. Congress to prohibit trusts. -
Wounded Knee Massacre
The Wounded Knee Massacre occurred on December 29, 1890, near Wounded Knee Creek on the Lakota Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in the U.S. state of South Dakota. -
Populist Party
The People's Party, also known as the "Populists", was a short-lived political party on the left in the United States. It was established in 1891 during the Populist movement. It was most important in 1892-96, and then rapidly faded away. -
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Grover Cleveland's Presidential Term
Stephen Grover Cleveland was the 22nd and 24th President of the United States; and, therefore was the only US president to serve two nonconsecutive terms and to be counted twice in the numbering of the presidents. -
Plessy Vs. Ferguson
This was a landmark United States Supreme Court decision upholding the constitutionality of state laws requiring racial segregation in public facilities under the doctrine of "separate but equal." -
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William McKinely's Presidential Term
William McKinley was the 25th President of the United States, serving from March 4, 1897, until his assassination on September 14, 1901, six months into his second term. -
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Theodore Roosevelt's Presidential Term
Theodore "T.R." Roosevelt, Jr. was an American politician, author, naturalist, soldier, explorer, and historian who served as the 26th President of the United States. -
Brownsville Incident
was a racial incident that arose out of tensions between black soldiers and white citizens in Brownsville, Texas, in 1906. When a white bartender was killed and a police officer wounded by gunshot, townspeople accused the members of the 25th Infantry Regiment, a unit of Buffalo Soldiers stationed at nearby Fort Brown. -
NAACP
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People is an African-American civil rights organization in the United States, formed in 1909. -
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William Howard Taft's Presidential Term
William Howard Taft was the 27th President of the United States and later the tenth Chief Justice of the United States. He is the only person to have served in both of these offices. -
Triangle Shirtwaist Fire
The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire in Manhattan, New York City on March 25, 1911 was the deadliest industrial disaster in the history of the city, and one of the deadliest in U.S. history. -
Sixteenth Amendment
This amendment allowed Congress to levy an income tax without apportioning it among the states or basing it on the United States Census. -
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Woodrow Wilson's Presidential Term
Thomas Woodrow Wilson was the 28th President of the United States from 1913 to 1921 and leader of the Progressive Movement. He served as President of Princeton University from 1902 to 1910 and was Governor of New Jersey from 1911 to 1913. -
Seventeenth Amendment
The 17th amendment allowed voters to cast direct votes for U.S. Senators. Prior to its passage, Senators were chosen by state legislatures. -
Federal Reserve Act
It stood as a classic example of compromise—a decentralized central bank that balanced the competing interests of private banks and populist sentiment. -
Clayton Anti Trust Act
This was a part of United States antitrust law with the goal of adding further substance to the U.S. antitrust law regime; the Clayton Act sought to prevent anticompetitive practices in their incipiency. -
Prohibition
Prohibition in the United States was a nationwide constitutional ban on the sale, production, importation, and transportation of alcoholic beverages that remained in place from 1920 to 1933. -
Eighteenth Amendment
This effectively established the prohibition of alcoholic beverages in the United States by declaring illegal the production, transport and sale of alcohol.