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In Western Europe, the Germanic kingdoms replaced the Roman Empire.
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Romulus Augustulus, the last emperor of Rome, was deposed in 476 AD when a Germanic warlord from an unknown tribe invaded Italy and took control of the peninsula. -
The most important groups are Ostrogods, Visigoths, Suebi, Franks,Angles, Jutes, Saxons, Burgundians, Alemanni, Thuringii, Lombards and Muslims
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The Battle of Vouillé (from Latin Campus Vogladensis) was fought in the northern marches of Visigothic territory, at Vouillé, near Poitiers (Gaul), around Spring 507 between the Franks, commanded by Clovis, and the Visigoths, commanded by Alaric II. -
The Byzantine empire reached its maximum size during the reign of Emperor Justinian and his wife Theodora, whose ovjetive was reunify the empire.
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Muhammad a trader from Mecca, claimed the Gabriel has appeared with news of a new religion called Islam -
They expelled Muhammad and his followers from Mecca and they moved to Medina. -
In medina Mohammad reoganised his doctrine and his follewers and formed an army, conquering Mecca in 630. -
When Mohammad died in 632, most of the arab tribes were under his control. -
At first, the caliph (political and religious leader) ruled the Muslim Empire from Medina. The first four caliphs were Muhammad successors. They defeated the Byzantine and Ottoman Empires and spread Islam to Egypt, Palestine, Syria, Mesopotamia and Persia.
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After the Fouth calip died, the Umayyad dynasty ruled. They moved the capital to Damascus (Syria) and divided their lands into emirates (provinces the caliph gave a governor political authority over). They conquered India, Samarkand and the Iberian Peninsula. Their defeat by the Byzantines in Constantinople in 718 A. D. and the Franks in Poitiers 732 A. D. prevented further expansion.
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Some emperors prohibited the worship of religious icons because they belived this went against the teachings of the Bible.
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After the assassination of the Umayyad, the Abbasid dynasty ruled. They controlled all the regions except al-Andalus, which the remaining Umayyad ruler governed. The Abbasid dynasty moved the capital to Baghdad (Iraq) and this period was height tof the Muslim Empire. In the 10 th centuary, it began to decline.
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Division of the Church (Catholic & Orthodox) -
Fall of Constantinople, conquest of Constantinople by Sultan Mehmed II of the Ottoman Empire. The dwindling Byzantine Empire came to an end when the Ottomans breached Constantinople's ancient land wall after besieging the city for 55 days.