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Fall of Napoleon
June 18, 1815: ·Defeated in the Battle of Waterloo by the British and Prussians, led by Wellington and Blucher -
Period: to
Unification of Germany
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Prussian Custom Union
The base of what would become the Zollverien. This custom union created economic ties and relationships between Prussia and the other Hohenzollen states. -
Carlsbad Decrees
These decrees were agreed upon by the representatives of the German states on Sept. 20, 1819. -
Zollverein
At the Vienna Conference of 1834 the strict censorship rules provided in the Carlsbad Decrees of 1819 were tightened further, as part of a set of measures designed to guarantee public safety. By this time Austria had renounced its earlier demand to bundle together copyright and censorship legislation, and so the ministers of the confederate states agreed, without preliminary consultations, on the following specific sections, which were a significant step forward on the way towards harmonisation -
Failed attempts at Unification
Zollverein now includes c34 states. Austria stays out of the union. -
Frankfurt Assembly
The Frankfurt Assembly (German: Frankfurter Nationalversammlung, literally Frankfurt National Assembly) was the first freely elected parliament for all of Germany.[1] Session was held from 18 May 1848 to 31 May 1849 in the Paulskirche at Frankfurt am Main. Its existence was both part of and the result of the "March Revolution" in the states of the German Confederation -
1848 Revolutions
The excitement with which German liberals and nationalists received the news of the February Revolution in France and their own expectations for Germany are well captured in this selection from the Reminiscences of Carl Schurz (1829-1906). Schurz made his way to the United States after the failure of the German revolution and eventually became a U.S. senator. [N.B.It is important to know where and when this part of his Reminiscences were originally written. They were written in February/March in -
The Prussian – Danish war in 1864
War over Schleswig-Holstein, 1864. Members of the Order of Saint John and Rauhe-Haus Friars collecting the wounded. -
The Austro- Prussian war in 1866
Austro-Prussian-Italian War, 1866. Isolation ward set up in a farm. Engraving from "Der deutsche Krieg von 1866". -
The Franco- Prussian war of 1870
The [Franco-Prussian] War: Defence of Paris-Students Going to Man the Fortifications"
One of the iconic images of the Franco-Prussian War. After the surrender of Napoleon III, the French Republic refused the German settlement terms, and the war was forced to continue. Paris was besieged, and people of all walks of life entered into its defence.
