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Brown Case
U.S. Supreme Court ruling that school segregation based on race was unconstitutional.
This ruling was not specifically directed at Hispanics and other Ethnic Minorities, but it also applied to others in similar situations.
The Brown case introduced a New Era in American Civil Rights and helped pave the way for subsequent legislation that would create educational programs for the disadvantaged. -
Elementary and Secondary Education Act
This was an act that was passed as a part of the United States "War on Poverty" during Lyndon B Johnson's presidency. The act was an extensive statute that funded primary and secondary education.
Title I of the ESEA provided assistance to educational agencies for low income families -
Start of Change in Bilingual Education
A bill was introduced in Texas to provide assistance to school districts in establishing educational programs specifically for LESA(Limited English Speaking Ability) and ELL students -
Bilingual Education Act of 1968
The first federal recognition that LESA students have special educational needs that cannot be met in regular classroom education, there needs to be some type of different approach for these children to help them learn what they need.
There was realization that there needs to be equal educational opportunity, and bilingual programs that address these needs should be federally funded. -
Equal Education Opportunity Act
Title II of the Educational Amendments.
The Equal Education Opportunity Act affected the education of LESA students by specifically mentioning that language barriers were to be overcome by instructional programs.
The EEOA wanted to provide equal education for all children. -
Lau V. Nichols
U.S. Supreme Court Case against a San Fransisco school district alleging that 1800 Chinese students were being denied equal educational opportunities due to their limited english sills and abilities.
The supreme court ruled that no student shall be denied "equal access" to any academic program due to "limited English proficiency" -
Lau Remedies
A set of guidelines made to comply with the Lau v. Nichols ruling.
The two primary purposes of these guidelines were to determine whether a school district was in compliance with the law and to provide guidance in the development of adequate educational plans -
English Only Act
This movement grew rapidly through media attention direct-mail fundraising and grassroots campaigns, the U.S. constitution does not specify any official language. In 1988, however, 25 States made English their Official Language. -
No Child Left Behind
Annual testing was implemented in the 2005-2006 school year where states were required to begin testing students in grades 3-8 annually in reading and mathematics
By 2007-2008, states were required to add science testing at least once in elementary school, middle school and high school. -
No Child Left Behind - Teacher Qualifications
By the end of the 2005-2006 school year, every teacher working in a public school, teaching in core content areas had to be highly qualified in each subject he/she taught -
No Child Left Behind - Academic Progress
States were required to bring all students to the proficient level on state tests by the 2013-2014 school year.
Individual schools had to meet "adequate yearly progress" (AYP) towards this goal for both their student populations as a whole and for certain demographic groups -
Changes for Educations and Future Educators
In the state of Colorado, teachers are now required to have CLD training under their belt by the time they renew their license or graduate and receive their initial license.
