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1492
Christopher Columbus "Finds" New World
Christopher Columbus first arrives in the Americas,, falsely discovering the new world , although he though he landed in Asia. -
1492
Columbian Exchange begins
The exchange of plant, animals, diseases, and people between the new world and old world. -
Period: 1492 to
European Exploration Era
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1500
Spanish Encomienda System Begins
A labor system developed by the Spanish to enslave Native Americans to farm and mine in the Americas -
1500
Spanish Caste System Begins
System of social classification the Spanish used to identify the natives. Example: Peninsulares , Creoles, Mulattoes, Africans/ Natives. -
Period: 1500 to
Triangular Trade
A system of exchange, Europe supplied African and the Americas with manufactured goods and technologies, the Americas supplied Europe and Africa with raw materials, lastly Africa supplied the Americas with enslaved workers. -
Period: 1500 to
Middle Passage
Captured African slaves being transported to the Americas , Europeans slave traders changed goods for enslaved people. -
1520
Small Pox Beings Spreading to Native Americans
Due to Columbian exchange 90 % Native Americans / Indigenous population died off due to small pox. -
1521
Spanish Conquistador Hernan Cortez Conquers the Aztec Empire
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1534
England Splits from the Catholic Church
Puritans broke away from the Church of England to seek religious freedom. -
London Company Gains Charter for Set Up English Colony
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Jamestowns, Virginia Colony Founded
The first successful/ permanent English colony established in the Virginia colony. -
Period: to
Colonial Era
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French found Quebec on the St. Lawrence River and Engage in the Fur Trade
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Tobacco introduced to Virginia Colony by John Rolfe
John Rolfe discovered humid and rich soil was good for growing the cash-crop - Tobacco, how southern colonies made money. -
First African Slaves Arrive in Jamestown, Virginia Colony
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Virginia House of Burgesses
The first representative government in the colonial Virginia elected by the people of the Virginia colony who passed ordinances and approved taxes. -
Georgia founded as a debtors colony
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Plymouth, Massachusetts Colony Founded
One of the successful English colony in the Americas. * (P.P.P) - Puritans, prayer, and Plymouth -
Mayflower Compact
Constitution that established self-government , allowing 40 males of the Puritan church to participate in elections for representative assembly and governor. -
New Hampshire Founded
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Dutch New Amsterdam Becomes Capital of New Netherland
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"City upon a Hill" John Winthrop
Large group of English Puritans left England establishing the Massachusetts Bay Colony . John Winthrop, first governor of the Massachusetts Bay created a model of reformed Protestantism. " Where men were free to do only good, and honest" -Civil Liberty -
The Great Migration to Massachusetts Bay Colony
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Maryland Founded
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o Thomas Hooker Founds Connecticut
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Roger Williams Founds Rhode Island
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Harvard College Founded in Massachusetts
The Puritans founded Harvard in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in 1636 in order to give candidates for the ministry a proper theological and scholarly education. *Colonial colleges promoted the doctrines of a particular religious group. -
Delaware Founded
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Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
A document that established a representative government in Connecticut, featuring a legislature elected by a popular vote and a governor elected by the legislature. -
Maryland Toleration Act
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Navigation Acts and Mercantilism
A series of laws passed by the British Parliament that imposed restrictions on Colonial trade . * only able to do shipping trade between English and its colonies " Taxation without representation" -
Iroquois Confederacy Formed
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South Carolina
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New Jersey Founded
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New York Founded
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King Philips War
This was an armed conflict between English colonists and the American Indians of New England in the 17th century. It was the Native-American's last major effort to drive the English colonists out of New England. -
Bacon's Rebellion
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Pueblo Revolt
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Quaker William Penn Founds Pennsylvania
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Period: to
Enlightenment Era
People began to explore scientific oberservation and reason., Questioning authority and government . * John Locke ( Natural rights) , ( Life, liberty, property) , ( Social contract) -
English Bills of Rights
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John Locke's Two Treatises of Government Published
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Salem Witch Trails
A series of investigations and persecutions convicting women as witches in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. -
Period: to
Salutary Neglect Policy
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The Great Awakening
Protestant Evangelicalism / Religious Revival - Caused divisions within churches, such as the Congregational and Presbyterian -
Stono Rebellion
Armed slaves attempting to gain freedom that took place South Carolina. -
French and Indian war begins
The French provoked the war by building a chain of forts in the Ohio River Valley. One of the reasons the French did so was to halt the westward growth of the British colonies. -
Period: to
The Industrial Revolution
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Proclamation line of 1763
the British government issued a proclamation that prohibited colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains. The British hoped that limiting settlements would prevent future hostilities between colonists and the American Indians. -
French and Indian War Ends
1763 Peace of Paris ends the Sevens Years War, Great Britain wins victory and gains more power and land from the French. leads to the British extending their control of North America, and the French power on the continent virtually ended. -
Period: to
Republican Motherhood
"Republican Motherhood" is an 18th-century term for an attitude toward women's roles present in the emerging United States. Idea that gave women more purpose to educate themselves and young children -
Period: to
Revolutionary Era
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Stamp Act
British parliament passed the Stamp Act to help pay down the war debt and finance the British army’s presence in the Americas. It was the first internal tax directly levied on American colonists by parliament and was met with strong resistance. Taxes on newspaper and legal documents. -
Sugar Act
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Quartering Act
The act that required colonist to house British solders without refusal .. -
Townshend Act
A tax the British Parliament passed , which was placed on lead, glass, paint, and tea. -
Boston Massacre
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Tea Act
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Boston Tea Party
The destruction of tea thrown over board as a response to British taxation polices in the North American Colonies -
First continental congress
Colonies established their unity agreeing to boycott all British goods and services. -
Intolerable Act
Laws passed by the British Parliament meant to punish the colonist due to the Boston Tea Party -
Second Continental Congress
Wrote the Olive Branch Petition to King George III , King George III denied request and formed continental army -
Battle of Lexington and Concord
The first military clashes of the American Revolutionary War, Colonist wanted self government. " The shot heard around the world' -
Thomas Paine's Common Sense Published
A document that challenged the authority of the British government and the royal monarchy, wanting independence from England and creating government. -
Benjamin Franklin Becomes French Ambassador
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Continental Army Lead by General George Washington
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Declaration of Independence
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o Adam Smith Publishes “The Wealth of Nations”
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Battle of Saratoga
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Winter at Valley Forge
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o Articles of Confederation
weak central government/ federal government/ national government
example- shay's Rebellion -
Period: to
Abolition Movement
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Battle of Yorktown
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Treaty of Paris of 1783
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o Shays’ Rebellion
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o Federalist Papers
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o Constitutional Convention/ Philadelphia Convention
-13 states = sends 50 total delegates
-represents states, white men, college educated, wealthy, politicians, -
o U.S. Constitution
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o The 3/5ths Compromise
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o The French Revolution Begins
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o Washington Elected 1st President
George Washington Elected 1st president unanimously by electoral college. -
o Bill of Rights Added to U.S. Constitution
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o Washington Creates Presidential Cabinet
President cabinet had to be approved by the senate.
Alexander Hamilton (secretary of treasury)
Thomas Jefferson (secretary of State) -
o Washington D.C. Becomes New US Capital
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Period: to
The Second Great Awakening
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Alexander Hamilton Gets Congress to Approve National Bank
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o Whiskey Rebellion
A protest of small farmers who could afford the Whiskey tax. -
o Cotton Gin and Interchangeable Parts Invented by Eli Whitney
Eli Whitney created the cotton gin, mechanical reaper, steel plow
Cotton gin high demand in the south. -
o Washington’s Farewell Address
Washington warning the Country after his term of presidency.
- Don't borrow money= taxing more money
- Don't make no enemies or friends -
o First Two-Party System Created (Dem-Rep vs Federalist)
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o XYZ Affair
- War over bribe with the French.
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o John Adams (Federalist) Elected 2nd President
- began a new era in the Us Politics -- political parties helped elect government officials and shape government policies . ( Federalist vs Democratic-Republivans) Thomas Jefferson lost and became Vice President
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o Alien and Sedition Acts
Sedition Acts People were sent to jail for talking against the government, Aliens were immigrants sided with the French -
o Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
The states legislatures passed resolutions stating the acts are unlawful
- Congress repealed the Alien& sedition Acts
- Choose to disobey an unconstitutional law, they had the power to do that. -
o Election of 1800 and the Start of the Jeffersonian Era
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o The Market Revolution Begins
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o Cult of Domesticity Begins
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Period: to
Manifest Denstiny
Expansionists wanted to see the United States extend westward to the Pacific Ocean -
Thomas Jefferson (Democratic Republican) Elected 3rd President
- Maintained National Bank
- Repealed the excise tax
- Only democratic party
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o Steam Locomotive Invented in Great Britain
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o Steam Locomotive Invented in Great Britain
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o Louisiana Purchase
The French sold land to Thomas Jefferson and the United States doubles in Size. -
o Marbury v. Madison
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o James Madison (Democratic Republican) Elected 4th President
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o War of 1812 Begins
On July 1812, president James Madison and Congress declared ward on Britain. -
o British Impressment of US Sailors
. The English navy impressed, or kidnapped, men off American ships and forced them to join the English navy. -
o War Hawks in Congress Support War Against British
The war-hawk members of Congress argued that war with Britain would be the only way to defend American honor, gain parts of Canada, and destroy American Indian resistance on the western frontier. -
o Francis Scott Key Writes the Star Spangled Banner
The American victory in Baltimore Harbor was witnessed by Francis Scott Key, a young poet-lawyer who had been sent aboard a British warship seeing his country's flag still flying over the fort the next morning inspired him to write the Star Spangled Banner -
o Treaty of Ghent
America signed a treaty with British after running low on sources to declare peace. The British not the American won the War of 1812. -
o Federalist Party Collapses
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Period: to
: Era of Good Feelings
A period where the years were marked by a spirt of nationalism, optimism, and goodwill -
o Tariff of 1816
Congress levied low tariff on imported as a method for raising government revenue. -
o James Monroe (Democratic Republican) Elected 5th President
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o Adam- Onis Treaty/ Spain Ceded Florida to U.S.
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o Compromise of 1820
Missouri Compromise where the north and south divide , only the southern states below the line could have slaves plus Missouri while the other states above the line was free states. -
Universal Male Suffrage Begins to Rise
Western states newly admitted to the union adopted state constitutions that allowed all white males regardless of their social class or religion to vote hold office. -
o Monroe Doctrine
United States leaders protecting the North and South America from possible aggression by European power. -
o Henry Clay’s “American System”
Henry Clay from the house of representatives, propose a comprehensive method for advancing the nations economic growth.
1.) protective tariffs 2.) national bank 3.) internal improvements -
o Erie Canal Built
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o John Quincy Adams (Democratic Republican) Elected 6th President
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o Lowell, Massachusetts Textile Mill Employs Women
The first opportunity for women to work to and to be economically independent . -
o Andrew Jackson (Democrat) Elected 7th President
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o Second Two-Party System Created (Democrats vs Whigs)
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o Indian Removal Act
A law that was signed to force the resettlement of thousands of American Indian west of the Mississippi. -
o Abolition Movement Begins
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Congress Passes Preemption Acts
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o Trail of Tears Begins
The hardships on the " Trails of Tears'' moving westward caused the deaths of 4,000 Cherokees. -
o William Lloyd Garrison Publishes Abolitionist Newspaper “The Liberator”
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o Andrew Jackson Vetos National Bank
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o Nullification Crisis
South Carolina attempt to nullify the federal tariff -
o Texas Revolution and Independence from Mexico
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o Horace Mann Advocates for Public Schools
Horace Mann wanted free public education and led the common school movement. -
Increased Irish and German Immigration to the North
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o Federal Support Given to Samuel Morse to Construct Telegraph Lines
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o Federal Support Given to Samuel Morse to Construct Telegraph Lines
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o Dorothea Dix Advocates for Mentally Ill and Prison Reform
Dorothea Dix want prison reform and help for the mentally ill who where placed in jail. -
James K. Polk Elected US president (democrat)
Supported the idea of Manifest Destiny and westward expansion -
o Irish Potato Famine Begins
Irelands man source of food was potato which became scare due to a disease that spread through the crops causing them to rot. -
o Frederick Douglass writes autobiography “Narrative of the Life of an American Slave”
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rederick Douglass Publishes Autobiography “Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave”
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Texas Annexation by the United States
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o Oregon Territory Divided Between British and U.S. (1846)
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Wilmot Proviso
Unsuccessful proposal to ban slavery in territory acquired from Mexican American War, allowing the northerns to support the proposal but no the southerners. -
Mexican American War Begins
Caused by the United States of Texas quickly led to diplomatic trouble with mexican. -
Free-Soil Movement Started
The soil-movement is when the Northern Democrats and Whigs supported the position that all African Americans (Free and Slave) should be excluded from the Mexican Cession . -
o Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo: Mexican American War Ends
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Mexican Cession
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o Seneca Falls Convention
Seneca Falls Convention (NY) in 1848 that was for women’s rights. Elizabeth Cady Stanton with the help of Quakers formed this meeting. -
California Gold Rush
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Compromise of 1850
Political argument about weather the new territories from the Mexican American War would become slave or free slave states -
Fugitive Slave Law Passed in Compromise of 1850
The fugitive slave law was when all slaves that would escape had to be returned because they were considered as property. -
o Harriet Tubman Begins Using Underground Railroad
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o Harriet Beecher Stowe Publishes “Uncle Tom’s Cabin”
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Gadsden Purchase
United States President Pierce succeeded in adding a strip of land to the American Southwest for a railroad. -
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Caused by the creation of Kansas and Nebraska opening new land for settlement , which repealed the Missouri Compromise of 1820 reopening the slavery in the western expansion. -
Bleeding Kansas Begins
A series of violent events between abolitionist and people who were pro-slavery. -
o Republican Party Created
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o Republican Party Created
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Caning of Senator Sumner
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o Dred Scott v. Sandford
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o John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry, Virginia
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o Republican Abraham Lincoln Wins Presidential Election of 1860
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even Southern States Secede from the Union, Forming the Confederate States of America
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o Democrat Jefferson Davis Elected President of the Confederacy
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o Battle of Fort Sumter
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o Lincoln Suspends Habeas Corpus
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Period: to
Civil War
A war between the Union and Southern Confederate states. -
o Emancipation Proclamation
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Homestead Act
Law signed by Abraham Lincoln to turn over vast amounts of the public domain to private citizens -
Battle of Gettysburg
A brutal Union victory against the confederacy which halted General Robert E. Lee's invasion of the North= south confidence shaken. -
Battle of Vicksburg
Union victory in the Mississippi River Valley that split the confederacy from east to west. -
Gettysburg Address
The addressed showed America's dedication to nationalism, equal rights, republicanism, democracy, and liberty. -
Scalawags and Carpetbaggers
Southern republicans were "scalawags" and Northerners newcomers where "carpetbaggers" -
Ku Klux Klan Formed
Group of whites in the south organized a secret societies to intimidate blacks -
Black Codes First Passed in the South
Laws that restricted the rights and movements of the former slaves. -
o President Andrew Johnson Becomes President
Vice President Andrew Johnson becomes 17th United States president. -
Radical Republicans Champion for Black Civil Rights in Congress
Harsher on Southern whites and more protective of freed African Americans -
o Johnson Pardons the South
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13th Amendment
Lincoln pushed congress to pass this amendment which completely abolished slavery -
Sharecropping
A system where individuals works land for an owner who provides equipments but receives a share of the workers profit -
Freedmens Bureau Created
A welfare agency created by the congress to provide food, shelter, and medical aid for mostly freedslaves and homeless whites -
Gen. Lee Surrenders to Gen. Grant at Appomattox Court House
Battle in which Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered to Union General Ulysses S. Grant -
President Abraham Lincoln Assasssinatedd by Jon Wilkes Booth
President Lincoln was shot and killed by John Wilkes Booth at Fords Theater in D.C. -
Period: to
Reconstruction Era
A period following the Civil War which brought former confederate states and granted African Americans significant rights -
Impeachment of President Andrew Johnson
Radical republicans on Congress attempted to impeach and remove President Johnson from office using the Tenure of office Act in 1868 -
14th Amendment
Congress passed the 14th Amendment which declared that all persons born naturalized in the United States were citizens = rights -
Transcontinental Railroad completed
Constructed between 1863 and 1869, it was a continous railroad line that connected the eastern U.S. rail network with the pacific coast on San Francisco (East to West -
Hiram Rhode Revels Becomes First African American in Congress (Senate)
First African American elected into the United State congress as Senate -
Nativism Spreads
American or those who opposed immigration to the United States -
Industrialization begins to boom
The growth of American Industry raised the standard of living for most people. Growth created sharper economic and class divisions amongst the rich, the middle, and the poor. -
15 Amendment
African American men gained the right to vote -
Social Darwinism Theory Gains Popularity
Social Darwinism is the belief that Darwin's idea of the natural selection and survival of the fittest should be applied to the marketplace, led by Herbert Spencer -
Standard Oil Company Founded by John D. Rockefeller
Standard oil company, controlled over 90% of the U.S. oil refinings -
Jim Crow Laws Begin in South
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The “New South” wants Industrialization
Southerners promoted new vision for a self-sufficient southern economy built on modern capitalist values, industrial growth and improved transportation -
Boss Tweed rise at Tammany Hall
Democratic Party Political Machine led by Boss Tweed, they helped Irish immigrants in cities but for exchange of a vote -
Telephone Invented by Alexander Graham Bell
-
Reconstruction Ends
-
Period: to
Gilded Age
Late 1800s era in the United States that seemed successful on the outside but was politically and economically corrupt with serious social problems internally. -
Light Bulb invented by Thomas Edison
Light bulb was invented by thomas edison allowing factories to stay open after dark -
3rd Wave of Immigration: “New Immigrants”
In the late 19th century the United state's population tripled as immigrants arrived from europe -
Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
United States federal law prohibiting all immigration of chinese laborers for 10 years -
Pendleton Act
U.S. federal law requiring federal jobs to be awarded on the basis of merit rather than the spoils system -
Haymarket Massacre
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Interstate Commerce Act
U.S. federal law that was designed to regulate the railroad industry which required railroad rates to be " reasonable and just" -
Dawes Act
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Andrew Carnegie’s Book “Gospel of Wealth”
Book of philanthropy, a guide that it is a moral obligation to help the less fortunate -
Chicago's Hull House started by Jane Addams
Laid foundation fir the later jobs of social workers, middle-class volunteers helped provide neighborhood social services to immigrants/ urban poor. -
Sherman Antitrust Act
U.S federal law that forbade any organizations that interfered with free trade by prohibiting monopolies or any activiy that hindered business competition -
How the Other Half Lives
Jacob Riis Photograph of people living in harsh conditions of tenements -
Influence of Sea Power Upon History
History of naval warfare book published in 1890 by Thayer Mahan Which argued that control of the sea was the key to word dominance. -
Period: to
Imperialism
A type of government that seeks to increase its size, either by forcing through war or influencing through politics other countries to submit to their rule -
Period: to
Progressive Era
Movement from the 1890s to 1920s to support widespread social activism and political reforms across the united states -
Carnegie Steel Company Founded by Andrew Carnegie
Carnegie Steel Corporation became the biggest steel company resulting to it turning into a monopoly -
Homestead Steel labor Strike
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Pullman Labor Strike
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Plessy vs. Ferguson
Supreme Court ruled segregation was legal "Separate but equal " -
Annexation of Hawaii
The Hawaiian Kingdom was overthrown and was added as an United States Territory -
Spanish American War
A war against Spain in cuba due to the Uss Maine, an American naval ship, that blew up in Havana Harbor during the Cuban Revolt against spain. -
Open-Door Policy
A foreign policy proposed by the United States in 1899 under which all nations would have equal opportunities to trade in china -
Boxer Rebellion
Violent anti-foreign and anti- Christian uprising in China which was motivated by Chinese opposition to western imperial powers and Christian missionary activity. -
Roosevlt's Big Stick Diplomacy/ Roosevelt Corollary
President Roosevelt's imperialistic foreign policy of intimidation other countries by showing United States and readiness to use military force when necessary -
Period: to
Theodore Roosevelt
Becomes the 26th president and plants the "Square Deal", a domestic policy which focused on the "3 C's" . ( Conservation, Control, and Consumers)
1.) Conservation of the natural resources
2.) control of corporations ( Trust-busting)
3.) consumer protection -
Panama Canal U.S. construction Begins
Artificial waterway in Central America that connects the atlantic with the pacific ocean -
The Jungle by upton sinclair
A novel that portrayed the harsh conditions of exploited immigrants in chicago and exposure of unsanitary health violations in American meat packing industry -
Pure Drug and Food Act
The Jungle had the result of the Federal consumer Protection Laws -
Ford Model-T
First affordable car model for middle class -
NAACP started by W.E.B Du Bois
African American civil rights organization (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People). -
Period: to
William Howard Taft
Becomes the 27th president of the U.S, was not successful but although tried to fulfil the "3 c's" from previous president -
Federal Reserve act
The national banking system with 12 district banks / allows the United states government to issue federal dollars as legal tender in order to provide the nation with a more flexible financial system , 28th president Wilson -
16th Amendment
Congress can collect a federal income tax from the people. -
Period: to
Woodrow Wilson
Becomes the 28th president of the U.S. and plants the National park system, Federal Reserve Act, Clayton Ant-Trust Act, 18th and 19th amendments -
Assissination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Serbian Nationalist shot heir presumptive to the Austro-Hungarian throne -
17th Amendment
Establishes the popular election of U.S. senators by the people of the states -
Trench Warfare, poison gas, and machine guns
fighting where two sides fight each other from opposing trenches -
Period: to
World War I
A war between central and allied powers due to militarism, alliance system, imperialism, nationalism. -
Sinking of the Lusitania
British ocean liner carrying Americans that was sunk off the coast of ireland bu german U-BOATS -
National Park System
-
Russian Revolution
uprising by the bolsheviks that destroyed the tsarist (czar) autocracy and led to the rise of communism and tthe soviet union in russia -
Zimmerman Telegram
Message British intercepted from the german government to the mexican government offering german support if mexico declared war against the united stats and offered to return land mexico had lost to the united states -
U.S entry into WWI
The united states enters World War I in 1917 as an allied power. -
Battle of Argonne Forest
The last major war of World War I that stretched along the entire western front ,, known as the second deadliest war in american history. -
Woodrow Wilson's 14 points
A peace plan to go easy on German and freedom of the seas and an open diplomacy -
Treaty of Versailles
Allied powers blamed germany for World War I and demanded exorbitant reparation from them -
Red Scare
-
18th Amendment
Probition: made the sale and consumption of alcohol illegal in the United States -
19th Amendment
Gives the women the right to vote (women's suffrage) -
Harlem Renaissance
African American achievements in art and music and literature flourished -
Red scare
intense fear of communism -
President Harding's Return to Normalcy
After WWI president harding wanted U.s. to return to isolationism and focus on economy -
Period: to
Roaring twenties
-
Tea Pot Dome Scandal
President harding cabinet member accepted bribes from private oil companies to lease federal land/petroleum reserves = damaged reputation of harding administration . -
Joseph Stalin leads soviet union
-
Scopes Monkey Trail
A trial pitted the teaching of Darwin's theory of evolution against teaching bible creationism -
Charles Lindbergh's trans-atlantic flight
-
stock market crashes "Black tuesday
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St. Valentines Day Massacre
