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1492
Christopher Columbus “Founds” New World
he set sail with three small ships and discovered the new world on august 3rd -
1492
Columbian Exchange Begins
trading of plants, animal, culture, ideas etc between the Americas, West Africa and the Old World -
Period: 1492 to
European Exploration Era
a time where European ships traveled around the world to search for new trading routes and partners -
1500
Spanish Encomienda System Begins
Spain began the Encomienda System which was a Spanish labor system. -
1500
Spanish Casta System Begins
This system had many different racial groups according to their Spanish blood. -
Period: 1500 to
Triangular Trade
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Period: 1500 to
Middle Passage
routes slaves took to go places -
1520
Small Pox Begins Spreading to Native Americans
small pox was a disease that arrived in the Americas in 1520 on a Spanish hip sailing from Cuba carried by an infected African slave -
1521
Spanish Conquistador Hernan Cortez Conquers the Aztec Empire
Hernan Cortez invaded Mexico in 1519 and conquered the Aztec Empire in 1521 and claimed Mexico for Spain -
1534
England Splits from the Catholic Church
Pope Clement did not like Henry's idea of living his life with his wife so Henry decided to split the country of England from the church -
London Company Gains Charter for Set Up English Colony
an English joint stock company that established colonial settlements in North America -
Jamestown, Virginia Colony Founded
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Period: to
Colonial Era
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French found Quebec on the St. Lawrence River and Engage in the Fur Trade
engaged in fur trading and it helped shape and develop French colonial experience in many diverse ways. -
Tobacco introduced to Virginia by Colony by John Rolfe
John brought tobacco to Jamestown which stabilized the economy because it is a crash crop. -
Virginia House of Burgesses
the first legislative assembly elected representatives in North America -
First African Slaves Arrive in Jamestown, Virginia Colony
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Mayflower Compact
first document to establish self-government in America -
Plymouth, Massachusetts Colony Founded
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New Hampshire Founded
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Dutch New Amsterdam Becomes Capital of New Netherland
Dutch governor surrenders New Amsterdam, capital of Netherland to an English naval -
“City Upon a Hill” John Winthrop
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The Great Migration to Massachusetts Bay Colony
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Maryland Founded
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Thomas Hooker Founds Connecticut
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Roger Williams Founds Rhode Island
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Delaware Founded
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Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
limited power of the government and extended voting rights (first constitution) -
Maryland Toleration Act
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North Carolina Founded
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Iroquois Confederacy Formed
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Navigation Acts and Mercantilism
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South Carolina Founded
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New York Funded
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New Jersey Founded
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King Phillips War
the war marked the last major effort by the Indians and gave the colonists control of southern New England and cleared the way of English expansion in the area -
Bacon's Rebellion
a type of war dealing with slavery that involved both white and black indentured slaves which worried the ruling class -
Pueblo Revolt
many indigenous pueblo people that lived there were against the Spanish colonizers in the province of Santa Fe de Nuevo Mexico also known as Pope's Rebellion -
Quaker William Penn Founds Pennsylvania
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Period: to
Enlightenment Era
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English Bill of Rights
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John Locke’s Two Treatises of Government Published
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Salem Witch Trials
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Period: to
Salutary Neglect Policy
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The Great Awakening
protestant religious revival that swept colonies -
Georgia Founded as a Debtors Colony
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Stono Rebellion
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French and Indian War Begins
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Period: to
The Industrial Revolution
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Proclamation Line of 1763
a law that forbid colonists to settle west of the Appalachian Mountains -
French and Indian War Ends
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Period: to
Revolutionary Era
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Period: to
Republican Motherhood
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Sugar Act
tax on sugar -
Quartering Act
colonists were forced to give soldiers shelter and feed them food. -
Stamp Act
law to pay war debt -
Townshend Acts
Townshend Acts were passed to put taxes on variety of goods. -
Boston Massacre
fight between British soldiers and American colonists -
Tea Act
tax on tea -
Boston Tea Party
protest against British taxes in which the on of Liberty boarded British ships and dumped tea into Boston Harbor in 1773 -
Intolerable Acts
a series of laws set up by parliament to punish Massachusetts for its protest against the British -
First Continental Congress
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Battle of Lexington and Concord
first battle of the Revolutionary War -
Thomas Paine’s Common Sense Published
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Second Continental Congress
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Continental Army Lead by General George Washington
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Declaration of Independence
document that declared independence from Britain and the formation of America -
Benjamin Franklin Becomes French Ambassador
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Adam Smith Publishes “The Wealth of Nations”
Smith published The Theory of Moral Sentiments -
Battle of Saratoga
turning point in American Revolution resulting in the French alliance -
Winter at Valley Forge
General George Washington took the Continental Army to their winter quarters at Valley Forge to escape the British capture of the city -
Articles of Confederation
agreement among the 13 original states of the US that served as its first Constitution -
Period: to
Abolition Movement
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Battle of Yorktown
last battle of the Revolutionary War and surrender of British -
Treaty of Paris 1783
America became it's own country and gained independence -
Shays’ Rebellion
violent attacks on government properties in Massachusetts -
U.S. Constitution
the supreme law of the U.S.A -
Federalist Papers
85 articles written by Alexander Hamilton -
Constitutional Convention/ Philadelphia Convention
an event held to decide how America should be governed -
The Great Compromise
each state would have representation under the United States Constitution -
The 3/5ths Compromise
an agreement that 3/5ths of the slave population would be counted for taxation and representation in the House of Representatives. -
The French Revolution Begins
rioted the Bastille Fortress to try to secure gunpowder and weapons -
Washington Creates Presidential Cabinet
meeting that Washington would be control of -
Washington Elected 1st President
first presidential election -
Bill of Rights Added to U.S. Constitution
first 10 amendments to the Constitution -
Washington D.C. Becomes New US Capital
on July 16, 1790 the American Congress declares Washington D.C will be the nation's permanent capital -
Period: to
The Second Great Awakening
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Alexander Hamilton Gets Congress to Approve National Bank
convinced that he National Bank could lend the government money and pay state debts. -
Whiskey Rebellion
a tax protest in the U.S during the presidency of George Washington -
Cotton Gin and Interchangeable Parts Invented by Eli Whitney
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Washington’s Farewell Address
a warning to be wary of attachments and entanglements with other nations -
First Two-Party System Created (Dem-Rep vs Federalist)
competition for control of the presidency created by Alexander Hamilton -
XYZ Affair
was a diplomatic incident that resulted an undeclared war -
John Adams (Federalist) Elected 2nd President
second president of the U.S and was vice president during Washington's presidency -
Alien and Sedition Acts
four laws passed by the U.S Congress -
Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
political statements that the Federal Alien and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional -
The Market Revolution Begins
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Election of 1800 and the Start of the Jeffersonian Era
marked the first times that power in America passed from one party to another -
Cult of Domesticity Begins
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Period: to
Manifest Destiny
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Period: to
Manifest Destiny
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Thomas Jefferson (Democratic Republican) Elected 3rd President
3rd president of the U.S -
Steam Locomotive Invented in Great Britain
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Louisiana Purchase
the acquisition of the territory of Louisiana -
Marbury v. Madison
a landmark in U.S supreme court case which meant American courts have the power to strike down laws -
James Madison (Democratic Republican) Elected 4th President
4th president of the U.S -
British Impressment of US Sailors
recruitment by force -
War of 1812 Begins
President James Madison declared war against Britain -
War Hawks in Congress Support War Against British
members of congress who were forcing President James Madison to declare war against Britain -
Francis Scott Key Writes the Star Spangled Banner
the national anthem for America -
Treaty of Ghent
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Federalist Party Collapses
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Period: to
Era of Good Feelings
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Tariff of 1816
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James Monroe (Democratic Republican) Elected 5th President
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Adam- Onis Treaty/ Spain Ceded Florida to U.S.
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Compromise of 1820
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Universal Male Suffrage Begins to Rise
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Monroe Doctrine
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Henry Clay’s “American System”
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Erie Canal Built
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John Quincy Adams (Democratic Republican) Elected 6th President
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Lowell, Massachusetts Textile Mill Employs Women
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Andrew Jackson (Democrat) Elected 7th President
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Second Two-Party System Created (Democrats vs Whigs
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Indian Removal Act
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Abolition Movement Begins
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Congress Passes Preemption Acts
western states demands that squatters be allowed to preempt lands -
Trail of Tears Begins
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William Lloyd Garrison Publishes Abolitionist Newspaper “The Liberator” (
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Andrew Jackson Vetos National Bank
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Nullification Crisis
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Texas Revolution and Independence from Mexico
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Horace Mann Advocates for Public Schools
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Increased Irish and German Immigration to the North
half a million immigrants came to the United States -
Federal Support Given to Samuel Morse to Construct Telegraph Lines
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Dorothea Dix Advocates for Mentally Ill and Prison Reform
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James K. Polk Elected US President
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Irish Potato Famine Begins
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Frederick Douglass writes autobiography “Narrative of the Life of an American Slave”
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o Frederick Douglass Publishes Autobiography “Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave”
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Texas Annexation by the United States
Texas was admitted into the United States on December 29 -
Wilmot Proviso
bill that would ban slavery in the territories acquired after the war with Mexico -
Oregon Territory Divided Between British and U.S.
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Mexican American War Begins
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Seneca Falls Convention
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Mexican Cession
land won by the US in the Mexican American War -
Free Soil Movement Begins
a political party that was focused on opposing the expansion of slavery into the western territories of the U.S -
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo: Mexican American War Ends
it ended the US Mexican War and transferred 500,000 square miles of land from Mexico to United States ownership -
California Gold Rush
when gold was found by James Marshall over 300,000 people came to California -
Fugitive Slave Law Passed in Compromise of 1850
slaves had to be returned to their owners even if they were in a free state; federal gov. was also responsible for escaped slaves -
Compromise of 1850
5 separate bills passed by The U.S Congress -
Harriet Tubman Begins Using Underground Railroad
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Harriet Beecher Stowe Publishes “Uncle Tom’s Cabin”
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Gadsden Purchase
an agreement that the U.S made with Mexico; they agreed to pay Mexico10 million for a portion of Mexico -
Kansas-Nebraska Act
a bill that gave settlers a choice to decide whether slavery would be allowed within a new state's borders. -
Bleeding Kansas Begins
time period when there was violence happening during the settling of the Kansas territory -
Republican Party Created
two major contemporary political parties in the United States -
Caning of Senator Sumner
democrat used a can to attack senator sumner -
Dred Scott v. Sandford
landmark decision of the U.S supreme court -
John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry, Virginia
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Republican Abraham Lincoln Wins Presidential Election of 1860
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Battle of Fort Sumter
gunfire and subsequent surrender by the United States Army, that started the American Civil War -
o Seven Southern States Secede from the Union, Forming the Confederate States of America
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Democrat Jefferson Davis Elected President of the Confederacy
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Lincoln Suspends Habeas Corpus
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Period: to
The Civil War
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Emancipation Proclamation
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Homestead Act
congress passed the homestead act offering 160 acres of free land to any citizen or intended citizen who was head of the household -
battle of vicksburg
was a decisive Union victory during the American Civil War that divided the confederacy and cemented the reputation of Union General Ulysses S. Grant -
Battle of Gettysburg
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Gettysburg Address
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President Andrew Johnson Becomes President
vice president Andrew Jackson becomes 17th US president -
Freedmens Bureau Created
an agency created by the government that helped and protected newly freed African American find jobs, homes, and education -
Ku Klux Klan Formed
racist anti-semitic committed to extreme violence to achieve its goals of racial segregation and whit supremacy -
Radical Republicans Champion for Black Civil Rights in Congress
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Johnson Pardons the South
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Gen. Lee Surrenders to Gen. Grant at Appomattox Court House
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President Abraham Lincoln Assassinated by John Wilkes Booth
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Sharecropping Begins in the South
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Black Codes First Passed in the South
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"Scalawags and Carpetbaggers”
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13th Amendement
abolition of slavery is not allowed in any state or territory under the government of the US -
Period: to
Reconstruction Era
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14th amendment
congress passed thee 14th amendment which declared that all persons born naturalized in the US were citizens rights -
impeachment of president andrew johnson
radical republicans in congress attempted to impeach and remove johnson from office using the tenure of office act in 1868 -
Transcontinental Railroad Completed
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Nativism Spreads
political policy of protecting the interests of native-born against those of immigrants -
Social Darwinism Theory Gains Popularity
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The “New South” wants Industrialization
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Hiram Rhode Revels Becomes First African American in Congress
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Jim Crow Laws Begin in South
Jim Crows laws were state and local statues that legalized racial segregation -
Industrialization Begins to Boom
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Standard Oil Company Founded by John D. Rockefeller
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15th amendment
black suffrage citizens cannot be denied their right to vote because of their race, color or being once slaves -
Boss Tweed rise at Tammany Hall
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Telephone Invented by Alexander Graham Bell
the invention of the light bulb created by Alexander Graham Bell -
Reconstruction Ends
the period in American history that lasted from 1863 to 1877 -
Period: to
Gilded Age
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Light Bulb Invented by Thomas Edison
the invention of the light bulb created by Thomas Edison changed our lives -
3rd Wave of Immigration: “New Immigrants”
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Chinese Exclusion Act
the first major act restricting immigration to the U.S -
Pendleton Act
federal employees were chosen based upon competitive exams -
Haymarket Massacre
strike in Chicago in favor of eight hour days where a bomb was thrown into a crowd killing one person and ended the Knight of Labor -
Dawes Act
to lift the Native Americans out of poverty and to stimulate assimilation of them into mainstream American society -
Interstate Commerce Act
established the federal governments right to oversee railroad activities and required railroads to public their rate schedules and file them with the government -
Andrew Carnegie’s Book “Gospel of Wealth”
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Sherman Anti-Trust Act
act was supposed to prohibit trusts and monopolies; was used to halt RR strike which threatened to restrain the nations mail delivery -
Carnegie Steel Company Founded by Andrew Carnegie
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Homestead Steel Labor Strike
Camegie steel company against the nations strongest trade union, the amalgamated association of iron and steel workers -
Pullman Labor Strike
a nationwide conflict between labor unions and railroads that began in 1894 when employees of the Pullman palace car company began by the company reducing wages -
Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court Case
landmark decision of the U.S supreme court that upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation
