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Edgard Varèse
French american composer : percussion music. -
George Gershwin
Wrote for Broadway, film, and concert hall. -
Federico Garcia Lorca
Spanish poet, playwrite, and theater director. -
Undisguised avant-garde
Against romanticism and Wagnerian style. Approaches composers such as Erik Satie (1866-1925) and Gabriel Faure (1845-1924) -
Elliott Carter
American composer -
Olivier Messiaen
Serialist french composer and teacher. -
Neo- classicism
A return to the ideals of clarity and objectivity of the 18th century. Used textures, topics, and forms from the past and combined them with modern harmony, tonality, and timbres. -
Primitivism
A western visual art movement that borrowed non- western subjects. -
John Cage
Changed the definition of music to "Organized Sound" -
The Rite of Spring
A ballet. Music by Stravinsky and choreography Nijinsky. -
Dadaism
Anti art thinking when poets and artists reacted against war and the bourgeois in Europe. -
Billie Holiday
One of the leading female jazz singers. -
Billy Strayhorn
Composed A Train. -
Milton Babbitt
Wrote the article "Who cares if you listen" -
Non- tonal
A style of composition that focused on musical elements other than pitch. -
Gyorgy Ligeti
Wrote "A Space Odessy" (1968) -
Pierre Boulez
The most important composer of the french avant-grade. -
Luciano Berio
Leading modern Italian composer of the 20th century -
Karlheinz Stockhausen
German composer who made innovations in electronic music. -
George Crumb
Best known for his anti-war sentiments during his Vietnam war -
Henryk Gorecki
Was so popular that other composers despised him. -
Musique concrete
Took recorded natural sounds and manipulated it by tape slicing it. Pierre Schaeffer (1910-1995) first developed the technique using a tape recorder. -
Paul Lansky
A pioneer in digital sound synthesis. -
Aleatoric
Other known as chance music. It was a new concept where the composer would leave one or more musical elements up to chance. Charles Ives (1874- 1954) and Henry Cowell (1897-1965) used this the most. -
Indeterminate
Based on elements of chance but is more direct. -
Electronische Musik
Electronic music -
Textural
Functioned alongside non-tonal music with its broad sonic chunks called sound masses. -
Hard Bop
Developed out of Bebop -
Rock and roll
Started in the southern United States and spread quickly. -
The RCA Mark II Synthesizer
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The Vietnam War
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Minimalism
Repetitive simple music -
Neo tonatlity
Thinking specifically about tonality the move away from the long-lasting tonal system -
Post modernism
Focused on uniting many past elements of music into a new electric style. -
Totalism
Describing music written by composers in NYC as a response to minimalism. -
New Complexity
Abstract, dissonant, microtonal, and it relies on extreme contrast. -
MIDI
Musical Instrument Digital Interface -
Henry Cowell
John Cages teacher. -
Globalization
A direct result of technologies.