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Stravinsky
One of the most versatile and interesting composers of the 20th century -
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Kodaly
Hungarian ethnomusicalogist
created the movable 'do' system -
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Varese
Prominent non-tonal composer. -
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William Grant Still
First African American composer
Woks were performed by the leading symphony orchestra and had his own major symphony orchestra
used folk idioms, jazz and spirituals -
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Gershwin
Successfully fused jazz and pop music, worked on broadway and in hollywood -
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Carlos Chavez
Mexican composer extremely important to mexican culture -
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Copland
Most popular American composer of the 20th century -
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Partch
Developed 43 not scale -
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Khachaturian
Armenian composer. One of the pillars of the Russian school of composers -
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Schaeffer
First developed Musique concrete using a tape recorder -
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Cage
Aleatoric and indeterminate composer. Lectured over the topic in 1958 at Darmstadt and 1961 in Brussels. Defined indeterminacy in music as the pieces ability to be performed in substantially different ways. -
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Babbit
Influential composer in maximized expressionism -
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Non-tonal
Composition style which focused on elements other than pitch.
Percussion ensembles greatly benefited from this style and came up to a new status -
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Xenakis
Indeterminate composer who used probability theories to compose pieces -
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Ligeti
One of the most influential composers to use textural music and sound blocks in heir works. -
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Bown
Indeterminate composer who used symbols instead of traditional notation -
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Feldman
Indeterminate composer who used symbols instead of traditional notation -
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Stockhousen
Indeterminate composer who focused on the indeterminate process of composing -
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Crumb
Influential composer in maximized expressionism -
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Penderecki
One of the most influential composers to use textural music and sound blocks in heir works. -
Musique Concrete
The technique of taking recorded sounds and manipulating them into music by stretching, splicing, etc. -
Aleotoric
Compositional Technique where one or more elements is left to chance so that the performance is never the same twice. -
Indeterminate
Music also based on chance but one of 3 more specific types:
-The ability to be performed in substantially different way
-The element of chance in the process of composition
-Using symbols to suggest musical elements apposed to directly notating them. -
Electronische Musik
Electronic music developed in Germany after Stockhausen worked in Schaeffer's studio in 1952. Precursor for most modern music that has any technology or electronic sounds. -
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Maximized Expressionism
Ultimate fulfillment of complete complexity following maximalism and expressionism -
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Textural
Music that functions alongside non-tonal music. Broad sonic chunks called sound masses, which could function contrapuntally but are not constructed of melodies harmonies or ryhythms. -
Nordwestdeutscher Rundfunk (NWDR)
Electronic music studio in Cologne, Germany which made Cologne the leading city in electronic music -
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Minimalism
Repetitive music which emerged in the 1960s and came to fruition in the 1980s. Based on the notion that small units of musical material can be repeated with only slight variation over long periods of time. Opposite of maximized expressionalism, -
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Neo-Romanticism
Music that appeals to audiences who are hoping for music that they can understand and embrace. Dissonances are more prevalent than in the 19th century but still holds most romantic elements of melody, harmony and texture -
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Postmodernism
Uniting many past elements of music into a new eclectic style -
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New Complexity
Closely related to totalism. Often abstract, dissonant, microtonal and relies on extreme contrast -
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Totalism
Music developed as a response to minimalism. Complexity is the number one goal -
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Globalization
The impact of technology on music's expanse of audience. Everything is available to every one in real time -
Maximilized Asthetics for Out Maxed-Out Maximalism
Current society values the extreme