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Joseph von Mering
Von Mering and his partner Oskar Minkowky discovered that the removal of the pancrease could lead to diabetes. Although, German scientist Georg Zuelzer claimed that this would control diabetes. -
Sir Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer
Sir Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer stated that people with diabetes were deficient in a chemical produced by the pancreas. He called this substance insulin, from the Latin insula. This means island, referring to the insulin-producing islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. -
First Edition of the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus
Elliot Joslin pubished his first edition of The Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus. This contained information on the importance of regular exercise and fasting diet to control diabetes. -
Insulin is Discovered
Frederick Banting and Charles Best successfully treat diabetes by extracting insulin from a dog pancreas and inject it into two other dogs who did not have a pancreas. James Collip later purified the hormone to use in humans. -
14-year-old Patient
Collip and Macleod began to prepare insulin for human use. A 14-year-old boy named Leonard Thompson became the first human patient to receive insulin which lead to lowered blood sugar levels and and cleared his urine of sugar. Banting and best later published their first paper a month later on their discoveries. -
John James Richard Macleod & Frederick Grant Banting Receive Noble Prize for the Discovery of Insulin
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J.J. Abel
Insulin was crystalized by J.J. Abel. It is composed of 2 chains of 51 amino acids linked by disulphide bridges which was discovered by Fredrick Sanger. -
Protamine Zinc Insulin
There was a need for long lasting insulin so protamine zinc insulin was introduced. -
Marcel Janbon
Janbon discovers the sulfonylureas are effective at controlling type 2 diabetes by chance. -
Lente Insulins
Lente insulins were introduced in 1954. Lente insulin is a intermediate acting insulin. -
Immunoassay
Solomon Berson and Rosalind Yalow improved the investigation of diabetes by immunoassay. This allows for minute concentrations of insulin to be consistently measured. Before this they were using a method called bioassay. Later they received a Noble Prize. -
FDA Approves Pfiezer's Glucotrol
Glucotrol is oral medication that helps control blood sugar levels in diabetics. It also helps your pancreas produce insulin. It is typically used to treat type 2 diabetes. -
Invokana
A drug used to lower elevated blood sugars in patients with type 2 diabetes. The SGLT-s inhibitors found in this drug block the activity of sodium glucose transport in the kidneys, causing a reduction in glucose re-uptake and increasing the amount of glucose secreted in the urine. -
Insulin Today
Biosynthetic insulin is made by recombinant DNA. This process allows for unlimited quanities of insulin. There are different types of insulin created because it varies from person to person. Some types are rapid acting, short acting, intermediate acting, and long-acting insulin. -
Current Insulin Delivery Systems
Today there are various methods that allow insulin to be administered. These methods include injections with a syringe. insulin pens, external insulin pumps, inhalable insulin, and insulin jet injectors. -
Future Diabetes Treatment
Currently scientists are working together to create an artificial pancrease. The goal of this device is that it detects blood glucose leves and will be able to regulate blood sugar with insulin and other hormones.
