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1469
Isabella and Ferdinand unify Spain
Spain became one of most powerful countries in Europe. -
Period: 1491 to 1547
Henry Vlll reigns England
Had constant involvement in wars which led to a loss of popularity. -
Period: 1558 to
Elizabeth the l reigns England
One of the most glorious in English history, during her reign the Church of England was established. -
Edict of Nantes
Granted religious tolerance and equality. -
Don Quixote is published
One of greatest novels of all time. -
Period: to
Thirty Years War
European Protestant vs Catholic War -
Petition of Rights signed
Reaffirmend liberties guaranteed in the Magna Carta. -
Period: to
Long Parliament
This led to English Civil War. -
Period: to
Louis XIV reigns as king of France
Associated with the image of an absolute monarch. -
Peace of Westphalia is Signed
Ended the Thirty and Eighty Years Wars and created the framework for modern international relationships. -
Thomas Hobbes publishes "Leviathan"
Embodyment of chaos threatening to eat the sinned when their lives are over. -
Period: to
Charles the ll Rules England
Charles dissolved the English Parliament. -
Period: to
Peter the Great reigns as Czar of Russia
modernized Russia -
Period: to
Glorious Revolution
Established Parliament as the ruling power of England. -
English Bill of Rights
Creates separation of powers, limits the powers of king and queen, and enhances the democratic election. -
John Locke publishes "Two Treaties of Government"
Proposed that government emerges from the consent of the government to protect their natural rights. -
Daniel Dafoe publishes Robinson Cursoe
Fascinated by Selkirk's story and decided he could improve in in fiction. -
Period: to
Frederick the ll reigns Prussia
Enlarged Prussia's territories and made Prussia the foremost military power in Europe. -
Baron de Montesquieu Publishes "The Spirit of Laws"
Describes the influence of climate on society, the separation of political powers, and the need for checks on a powerful executive office. -
Sabastian Bach height of his career
Music symbolizes the height of the Baroque for many listeners. -
Period: to
7 Years War
Provided Great Britain territorial gains in North America. -
Voltaire publishes "Candid"
A reflection of the philosophical values of the Enlightenment. -
Period: to
George the lll reigns England
Wanted a majority of people in America to be British. -
Denis Diderot publishes "Encyclopedia"
Spreads the ideas of enlightenment -
Jean Jacque Rousseau publishes "Social contract"
Outlined a theory of government in which people would be free. -
Jonathan Swift publishes "Gulliver's Travels"
Illustrates how the English government and society needed a reformation. -
Period: to
Catherine the Great reigns Russia
Catherine the Great led her country into full participation in the political and cultural life of Europe. -
Period: to
Joseph II reigns Austria
Established religious equality before the law, and he granted freedom of the press. -
Boston Massacre
A deadly riot that occurred on King Street in Boston. -
Intolerable Acts
A series of 4 laws was passed by the British Parliament to punish the colony of Massachusetts Bay for the Boston Tea Party. -
Battle of Lexington & Concord
Marked the start of the American War of Independence. -
Adrian Smith Publishes "Wealth of Nations"
Adrian Smith's insight on an individual's need to fulfill self-interest results in societal benefit. -
Declaration of Independence signed
Declares America's freedom from British rule. -
Boston Tea Party
Thousands of tea were dumped into Boston harbor as a protest. -
Battle of Yorktown
End of the American Revolution. -
Treaty of Paris
Ended the American Revolution. -
U.S. Constitution Ratified
Ratification by nine of thirteen states enacted the new government. -
Declaration of the Rights of Man
Inspired the French Revolution -
Five Man Directory created
Intended to prevent executive powers from being in the hands of one man. -
Storming of the Bastille
Signaled the start of the French Revolution. -
Tennis Court Oath
A key moment that set off the French Revolution. -
Women's March on Versailles
A riot that took place during the first stage of the French Revolution. -
Declaration of the Rights of Women
Asserts that women have the same rights as men. -
Mary Wollstonecraft publishes "A Vindication of the Rights of Woman"
It made a pioneering and durably influential argument for women's equality. -
National Convention Formed
Formed to provide a new constitution for the country after the overthrow of the monarchy. -
Committee of Public Safety
Committee which formed the provisional government and war cabinet during the Reign of Terror. -
Radical Phase
France was made a republic abolishing the monarchy and executing the king. -
Period: to
Reign of Terror
People in France were arrested for not supporting the revolution and many were executed. -
Napoleon Bonaparte becomes emperor
Set out to conquer Europe which led to his downfall. -
Battle of Austerlitz
French victory that restored Napoleon's imperial regime. -
Battle of Trafalgar
A pivotal moment in the Napoleonic wars that helped seal Napoleon's eventual downfall and established England as a dominant naval power. -
Battle of Leipzig
The decisive defeat of Napoleon which destroyed French power in Germany and Poland. -
Napoleon exiled to Elba
Offered to step down in favor of his son but was rejected and sent to Elba. -
Period: to
Congress of Vienna
Assembly of European leaders to restore Europe. -
Napoleon exiled to St. Helena
Defeated by the British at the Battle of Waterloo.