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1469
Isabella and Ferdinand unify Spain
Spain is unified through the marriage of Isabella and Ferdinand. -
Period: 1509 to 1547
Henry VIII resigns in England
Henry VIII is excommunicated over the divorce of Catherine of Aragon -
Period: 1558 to
Elizabeth I reigns England
The last monarch of the Tudor dynasty rules over England, and is considered the most glorious reign of England -
Edict of Nantes
Document granting religious tolerance and equality to the French and ended the French Wars of Religion. -
Don Quixote is published
Book published by Miguel de Cervantes, still considered one of the best modern works ever. -
Period: to
Thirty Years War
European series of religious wars. -
Petition of Right signed
Document signed, lead to the decrease of power in the monarchy over taxation -
The Long Parliament
English parliament replaced the short-lived short parliament -
Period: to
Louis XIV reigns as king of France
The longest rule of any sovereign, during his time he transformed the monarchy -
Peace of Westphalia is signed
Treaties that ended the Thirty Years War -
Thomas Hobbes publishes “Leviathan”
Book written by Thomas Hobbes, that subliminally spoke out about the social contract -
Period: to
Charles II reigns England
Charles the II is coronated as king and rules for 25 years -
Period: to
Peter the Great reigns as czar of Russia
Peter the Great works to modernize Russia to rival Europe. -
Glorious Revolution
English revolution that lead to the removal of James II and VII -
English Bill of Rights signed
An act declaring the Rights and Liberties of the subject, and settling the succession of the crown. -
John Locke publishes “Two Treaties of Government”
An anonymously written book that spoke on the treatment of the people under the government and sought to keep James II from the throne -
Daniel Dafoe publishes “Robinson Crusoe”
Daniel Dafoe wrote Robinson Crusoe, an English adventure novel. -
Jonathan Swift publishes “Gulliver’s Travels”
A satire book, meant to criticize typical adventure stories and human nature -
Period: to
Frederick II reigns Prussia
Frederick rules and helps fund the arts as well as the infrastructure of Prussia -
Baron de Montesquieu publishes “The Spirit of Laws”
Book published anonymously to avoid censorship -
Sabastian Bach height of his career
German composer reaches the height of his career -
Denis Diderot publishes his “Encyclopedia”
Book attempting to change how people view the democratization and secularization of knowledge -
Period: to
Seven Years War
Global conflict involving world powers such as Prussia, Britain, Spain, and France -
Voltaire publishes “Candid”
Voltaire argues that optimism is ridiculous -
Period: to
George III reigns over England
The Acts of Union 1800 unified Great Britain and Ireland into the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, with George as its king. -
Jean Jacque Rousseau publishes “Social Contract”
A theory arguing that society would prosper and preserve freedom -
Period: to
Catherine Great reigns Russia
After overthrowing her husband, Catherine the Great became a great empress of Russia for many years. -
Period: to
Joseph II reigns Austria
Joseph II was the 43rd emporer of the Holy Roman Empire. -
Boston Massacre
A massacre broke out on the streets of Boston. In the end, nine British soldiers shot into a crowd of 400 people which injured several. -
Boston Tea Party
This was a protest by the 13 colonies in which British tea was dumped into the Boston Harbor. -
Intolerable Acts
The Intolerable Acts were four laws passed by the British Parliament in response to the Boston Tea Party. -
Battle of Lexington & Concord
These battles were the first battles of the American Revolution. -
Adam Smith publishes “Wealth of Nations”
This was a famous book about the capitalist system of government. -
Declaration of Independence signed
56 members of the 2nd Continental Congress signed the Declaration of Independence. -
Battle of Yorktown
This battle was the final battle of the American Revolution. -
Treaty of Paris
The Treaty of Paris officially marked the end of the American Revolution. -
US Constitution ratified
The U.S. constitution was officially adopted by all of the 13 states. -
Declaration of the Rights of Man
This was a declaration that stated many different inalienable rights that all men should have. -
Tennis Court Oath
The French 3rd estate members took the Tennis Court Oath for use of Versailles. -
Storming of the Bastille
The Bastille was a prison that was stormed during the French Revolution. -
Women’s march on Versailles
The Women's march on Versailles was a riot that took place during the French Revolution. The riot was arguing for the rights of women. -
Declaration of the Rights of Woman
This document listed many different rights that should be given to women. -
National Convention Formed
This was a group of people who governed France during the French Revolution. -
Mary Wollstonecraft publishes “A Vindication of the Rights of Woman”
The work argues for the empowerment of women in all facets of life. -
Period: to
Radical Phase (French Revolution)
This was the phase of the French Revolution where France was made a republic and the monarchy was abolished. -
Period: to
Reign of Terror (French Revolution)
This is the phase of the French Revolution where anyone who didn't believe in Revolutionary ideas was executed via the guillotine. -
Committee of Public Safety created
The Committee of Public Safety was created to protect France from foreign and domestic enemies. -
Five Man Directory created
The Five Man Directory was a group of five men that first ruled France after the revolution. -
Napoleon Bonaparte becomes Emperor
Napoleon crowned himself emperor of the French Empire. This created a new chapter in France's history. -
Battle of Trafalgar
The Battle of Trafalgar was a battle during the Napoleonic Wars between the British Navy and the French Navy. -
Battle of Austerlitz
The Battle of Austerlitz is considered to be one of Napoleon's greatest victories. His 60,000 troops defeated Russia's 90,000. -
Battle of Leipzig
Napoleon's defeat at the Battle of Leipzig meant that the French lost all power in Germany and Poland. -
Napoleon exiled to Elba
After his campaign in Russia didn't go well Napoleon was exiled to Elba. -
Period: to
Congress of Vienna
This committee gathered from 1814 to 1815 to help rebuild Europe after the Napoleonic Wars. -
Napoleon exiled to St. Helena
Napoleon was exiled a second time after his defeat at Waterloo. He was exiled to St. Helena and would spend the rest of his years there.