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Industrial Revolution
The transformation of the economy, the environment, and living conditions, occurring first in England in the eighteenth century, that resulted from the use of steam engines, the mechanization of manufacturing in factories, -
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Seven Years War
The Seven Years' War was a global military conflict between 1756 and 1763, involving most of the great powers of the time affecting North and Central America, Europe, the West African coast, India and the Philippines -
Britain takes over India
India was colonized by Britain in 1757. The Industrial Revolution was beginning and Great Britain needed raw materials and resources. Therefore, economic profit was a huge driving force behind England's actions regarding India. -
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Watt's Steam Engine
James Watt's steam engine was the first type of steam engine to make use of steam at a pressure just above atmospheric to drive the piston helped by a partial vacuum. It developed sporadically from 1763 to 1775 and was a major factor in the Industrial Revolution. -
Invention of the Spinning Jenny
The Spinning Jenny was created by James Hargreaves in 1764.The device reduced the amount of work needed to produce yarn, with a worker able to work eight or more spools at once. This grew to 120 as technology advanced. -
Invention of the Water Frame
The water wheel was created by Richard Arkwright and it provided more power to the spinning frame than human operators, reducing the amount of human labor needed and increasing the spindle count dramatically. -
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Toussaint L'Ouverture
Leader of the Haitian Revolution. He freed the slaves and
gained effective independence for Haiti despite military
interventions by the British and French. -
Whitney's Cotton Gin
Eli Whitney created the cotton gin in 1794 which made short staple cotton into a profitable crop, which strengthened the economic foundation of slavery in the United States and was a huge factor in the Industrial Revolution. -
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Invention of the Telegraph
the telegraph was invented and went through many different developments from the years 1794 and 1843 but it mainly became popular in 1835 when Samuel Morse created a way to send messages through wires called the "Morse code" -
Britain outlaws Slave Trade
The Slave Trade Act was an Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom passed on 25 March 1807, with the long title "An Act for the Abolition of the Slave Trade". -
Mexican Independence
The Mexican War of Independence was an armed conflict between the people of Mexico and the Spanish colonial authorities which started on 16 September 1810 and they finally became independent on September 27, 1821. -
Brazilian Independence
The Brazilian Independence comprised a series of political events occurred in 1821–1823, most of which involved disputes between Brazil and Portugal regarding the call for independence presented by the Brazilian Kingdom. They finally became independent of Spetember 7, 1823. -
Dissolution of the Janissaries
The dissolution of the janissaries included the events of the Young Turk Revolution and the establishment of the second constitutional era. -
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Afrikaner's Great Trek
The Great Trek was an eastward and north-eastward migration away from British control in the Cape Colony during the 1830s and 1840s by Boers. -
Greek Independence
Following the fall of the Byzantine Empire to the Ottoman Empire, most of Greece came under Ottoman rule. During this time, there were frequent revolts by Greeks attempting to gain independence. They finally became independent in 1832. -
End of Atlantic Slave Trade
The Slavery Abolition Act 1833 ended the atlantic slave trade. -
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First Opium War
War between Britain and the Qing Empire that was, in the British view, occasioned by the Qing government’s refusal to permit the importation of opiuminto its territories. The victorious British imposed the onesided Treaty of Nanking on China. -
Revolutions in Austria, Germany, Hungary, and Italy
They were a series of political upheavals throughout Europe that began in France, with the French Revolution of 1848, and soon spread to most of Europe and parts of Latin America. The uprisings represented a demand for more liberalism and democracy, and were led by a coalition of middle classes and workers, who faced off against the aristocracies. -
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Commodore Matthew Perry in Japan
In advance of his voyage to the Far East, Commodore Perry read widely amongst available books about Tokugawa Japan. His research even included consultation with the increasingly well-known Japanologist Philipp Franz von Siebold, who had lived on the Dutch island of Dejima for eight years before retiring to Leiden in the Netherlands. -
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Crimean War
Conflict between the Russian and
Ottoman Empires fought primarily in the Crimean Peninsula.
To prevent Russian expansion, Britain and France sent
troops to support the Ottomans. -
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Taiping Rebellion
The most destructive civil war before the twentieth century. A Christian-inspired rural rebellion threatened to topple the Qing Empire. -
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Second Opium War
The Second Opium War, the Second Anglo-Chinese War, the Second China War was a war pitting the British Empire and the Second French Empire against the Qing Dynasty of China, lasting from 1856–1860 -
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Sepoy Rebellion
The revolt of Indian soldiers in 1857 against certain practices that violated religious customs; also known as the Sepoy Mutiny. -
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Suez Canal
The Suez Canal is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. Opened in November 1869 after 10 years of construction work, it allows water transportation between Europe and Asia without navigation around Africa. -
Emancipation of the Russian Serfs
The emancipation of the russian serfs was the first and most important of liberal reforms effected during the reign of Alexander II of Russia. The reform amounted to the liquidation of serf dependence previously suffered by peasants of the Russian Empire. In some of its parts, the serfdom was abolished earlier. -
Meiji Restoration
The political program that followed the destruction of the Tokugawa Shogunate in 1868, in which a collection of young leaders set Japan on the path of centralization, industrialization, and imperialism. -
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Imperialization of Africa
Imperialization in Africa was a process of invasion, attack, occupation, and annexation of African territory by European powers during the New Imperialism period, between 1881 and World War I in 1914. -
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Boxer Rebellion
The Boxer Rebellion took place in China between 1898 and 1901, and was an uprising involving opposing foreign imperialism and Christianity. -
African National Congress
An organization dedicated to obtaining equal voting and civil rights for black inhabitants of South Africa. Founded in 1912 as the South African Native National Congress, it changed its name in 1923. Though it was banned and its leaders were jailed for many years, it eventually helped bring majority rule to South Africa. -
Overthrow of Qing Dynasty
By the early 20th century, mass civil disorder had begun and continuously grown. The Wuchang Uprising succeeded on October 10, 1911, which led to the creation of the new central government, the Republic of China -
Panama Canal
One of the largest and most difficult engineering projects ever undertaken, the canal had an enormous impact on shipping between the two oceans, replacing the long and treacherous route via either the Strait of Magellan or Cape Horn at the southernmost tip of South America. -
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Aswan Dam
Construction of the High Dam became a key objective of the Egyptian Government following the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, as the ability to control the flood waters, and harness the hydroelectric power that it could produce, were seen as pivotal to Egypt's industrialisation.