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Period: Apr 22, 1420 to Apr 22, 1460
Henry the Navigator
Portuguese prince who promoted the study of navigation and directed voyages of exploration down the western coast of Africa. -
Period: Apr 22, 1492 to
Columbian Exchange
The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus’s voyages. -
Period: Apr 22, 1492 to
Creation of Colonies in the New World
Europe started to colonize the new world from the years 1492 to 1898 starting with Colombus's voyage. They colonized in North America creating the 13 colnies from 1607 to 1763 and in South America from 1492 to 1898. -
Period: Apr 22, 1492 to Apr 22, 1503
Christopher Columbus
Genoese mariner who in the service of Spain led expeditions across the Atlantic, reestablishing contact between the peoples of the Americas
and the Old World and opening the way to Spanish conquest
and colonization. -
Period: Apr 22, 1497 to Apr 22, 1498
Vasco de Gama
Portuguese explorer. In 1497–1498 he led the first naval expedition from Europe to sail to India, opening an important commercial sea route. -
Period: Apr 22, 1501 to
Safavid Empire
Iranian kingdom (1502–1722) established by
Ismail Safavi, who declared Iran a Shi’ite state. -
Period: Apr 22, 1514 to Apr 22, 1521
Hernan Cortez
Spanish explorer and conquistador who led the conquest of Aztec Mexico in 1519–1521 for Spain. -
Apr 22, 1517
Protestant reformation
Religious reform movement within the Latin Christian Church beginning in 1517. It resulted in the “protesters” forming several new Christian denominations, including the Lutheran and Reformed Churches and the Church of England. -
Period: Apr 22, 1519 to Apr 22, 1522
Ferdinand Magellan
Portuguese navigator who led the Spanish expedition of 1519–1522 that was the first to sail around the world. -
Period: Apr 22, 1524 to Apr 22, 1533
Francisco Pizarro
Spanish explorer who led the conquest of the Inca Empire of Peru in 1531–1533. -
Period: Apr 22, 1526 to
Mughal Empire
Muslim state (1526–1857) exercising dominion
over most of India in the sixteenth and seventeenth
centuries. -
Period: Apr 22, 1526 to Apr 22, 1530
Babur
Babur was a military adventurer from Central Asia who rose to power at Kabul (present-day Afghanistan) after establishing his first kingdom in 1504. From there he built an army and conquered nearby regions until 1526, when he invaded the Lodi Afghan Empire of South Asia and laid the basis for the Mughal Empire. -
Apr 22, 1543
Scientific Revolution
The intellectual movement in Europe, initially associated with planetary motion and other aspects of physics, that by the seventeenth century had laid the groundwork for modern science. -
Period: Apr 22, 1564 to
Galileo
was an Italian physicist, mathematician, astronomer and philosopher who played a major role in the Scientific Revolution. His achievements include improvements to the telescope and consequent astronomical observations, and support for Copernicanism -
Period: Apr 22, 1582 to
Matteo Ricci
Matteo was an Italian Jesuit priest, and one of the founding figures of the Jesuit China Mission, as it existed in the 17th-18th centuries. His current title is Servant of God. He helped simplify chinese tradition. -
Period: to
Tokugawa Shogunate
The last of the three shogunates of Japan. -
Period: to
Thirty Years War
Initially, the war was fought largely as a religious conflict between Protestants and Catholics in the Holy Roman Empire, although disputes over the internal politics and balance of power within the Empire played a significant part. The end of the war resulted with:
Peace of Westphalia
Habsburg supremacy curtailed
Rise of the Bourbon dynasty
Rise of the Swedish Empire
Decentralization of the Holy Roman Empire
Franco-Spanish War until 1659
Substantial decline in the power and influence of t -
Period: to
Enlightenment
A philosophical movement in eighteenth century Europe that fostered the belief that one could reform society by discovering rational laws that governed
social behavior and were just as scientific as the laws of
physics. -
Period: to
Qing Dynasty
Empire established in China by Manchus who overthrew the Ming Empire in 1644. At various times the Qing also controlled Manchuria, Mongolia, Turkestan, and
Tibet. The last Qing emperor was overthrown in 1911. -
Period: to
Triangle Trade
triangular trade is the export of commodities to different regions, usually circulating from America to Europe and to Africa. -
Period: to
Peter the Great
Russian tsar (r. 1689–1725). He enthusiastically introduced Western languages and technologies to the Russian elite, moving the capital from Moscow to the new city of St. Petersburg. -
Period: to
French-Indian War
The French and Indian War is the common U.S. name for the war between Great Britain and France in North America from 1754 to 1763. The war was fought primarily along the frontiers between the British colonies from Virginia to Nova Scotia, and began with a dispute over the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers -
Period: to
Catherine the Great
She reigned as Empress of Russia and Under her direct auspices the Russian Empire expanded, improved its administration, and continued to modernize along Western European lines. -
Period: to
Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette
They both ruled france from1774 to 1791 and was later suspended and arrested as part of the insurrection of the 10th of August during the French Revolution, he was tried by the National Convention, found guilty of high treason, and executed by guillotine on 21 January 1793 as "Citoyen Louis Capet". He is the only king of France ever to be executed. -
Period: to
American revolution
The American Revolution was the political upheaval during the last half of the 18th century in which thirteen colonies in North America joined together to break free from the British Empire, combining to become the United States of America. -
Declaration of the Rights of Man
Statement of fundamental political rights adopted by the French National Assembly at the beginning of the French Revolution. -
Period: to
French Revolution
A political revolution in France resulting with the abolition and replacement of the French monarchy with a radical democratic republic. -
Storming of the Bastille
The Storming of the Bastille occurred in Paris on the morning of July 14, 1789. The medieval fortress and prison in Paris known as the Bastille represented royal authority in the centre of Paris. While the prison only contained seven inmates at the time of its storming, its fall was the flashpoint of the French Revolution -
Period: to
Haitian Revoluiton
The Haitian Revolution (1791–1804) was a period of conflict in the French colony of Saint-Domingue, which culminated in the elimination of slavery there and the founding of the Haitian republic. Although hundreds of rebellions occurred in the New World during the centuries of slavery, only the St. Domingue Slave Revolt, which began in 1791, was successful in achieving permanent independence under a new nation. -
Period: to
Napoleon
Overthrew French Directory in
1799 and became emperor of the French in 1804. Failed to
defeat Great Britain and abdicated in 1814. Returned to
power briefly in 1815 but was defeated and died in
exile. -
Period: to
Congress of Vienna
Meeting of representatives of European monarchs called to reestablish the old order after the defeat of Napoleon I. -
Waterloo
The Battle of Waterloo was fought on Sunday 18 June 1815. It was the culminating battle of the Waterloo Campaign and Napoleon's last. The defeat at Waterloo put an end to Napoleon's rule as Emperor of the French and marked the end of his Hundr