Timeline Project

By mvicente1152

  • American School for the Deaf was founded

    • Laurent Clerc and Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet the American School for the Deaf, located in West Hartford, Connecticut (Murray, 2019).

  • Gallaudet University was founded

    Gallaudet University was founded
    • Gallaudet University, the world’s only liberal arts university for deaf and hard of hearing students, was founded.
    Image Reference: Vucci, The Washington Times 2020

  • Alexander Graham Bell & Oralism

    • Founded under the belief that Deaf individuals needed to learn to speak in order to integrate into society professionally and socially (Murray, 2019).
    • Graham bell founded the first school that incorporated oralism.

  • Second International Congress on Education of the Deaf

    • The group endorsed oralism and passed a resolution that banned the use of sign language at schools.

  • The Akouphone was invented by Miller Rees Hutchinson

    • The first portable hearing aid using a carbon transmitter and consisted of a separate microphone, amplifier, headphones, and battery (Dahl, 2021).
    • The carbon transmitter allows for an electric current to transmit a weak signal and turn it into a strong signal.

  • Introduction of the Vactuphone

    • It is the first vacuum-tube hearing aid.
    • The Vactuphone converted speech sounds into electrical signals and then amplified it in the users ear canal (Dahl, 2021).

  • Introduction of Transistor Hearing Aids

    • They required less battery power, produced less distortion and produced less heat than vacuum tubes (Dahl, 2021).

  • Invention of the Teletypewriter (TTY)

    Invention of the Teletypewriter (TTY)
    • Invented by Robert Weitbrecht.
    • Consists of a typewriter and a communication channel, usually a landline, that helps people communicate by typing messages (National Association for the Deaf).
    • Improved long distance communication for the deaf.
    Image Reference: Department of Information Technology Maryland Relay

  • William House & John Doyle and the Cochlear Implant

    • House and Doyle inserted an electrode into the cochlea.
    • Those who were implanted reported perception of sound, changes in loudness depending on the level of electrical stimulation and changes in pitch with variation of the rate of stimulation (Brown et al., 2003).
    • This was the basis of the single channel cochlear implant which was developed by House 10 years later.
    • Supplemental resource: How a CI works (https://youtu.be/YdYjdYD--nk)
    (CochlearAusNZ, 2016)

  • The ASL Dictionary was Finished

    • William Stokoe, a linguist with the goal of showing that ASL was a fully-formed language, finished the dictionary with Carl Croneberg and Dorothy Casterline (https://projects.iq.harvard.edu/asl/deaf-history-timeline).
    • Supplemental Resource: https://www.signasl.org/

  • Edgar Villchur Developed the Analog Multichannel Hearing Aid

    • This device allowed the speech signal to be separated into different frequency bands and implemented frequency compression (Dahl, 2021).

  • US Education for All Handicapped Children Act

    • Established procedures and rules with the goal of preventing school aged children with disabilities from being excluded from public education

  • Development of the first all-digital hearing aid

    • The hearing aid was developed by researchers at the City University of New York (Dahl, 2021).
    • Supplemental Resource: How Heairng Aids works (https://www.webmd.com/healthy-aging/video/video-hearing-aids-explained)

  • The First Multichannel Cochlear Implant was Developed

    The First Multichannel Cochlear Implant was Developed
    • The first multichannel cochlear implant was introduced by the Cochlear Company (Hainarosie et al., 2014). Image Reference: (Hainarosie et al., 2014)

  • Americans with Disabilities Act

    • The Act that prohibited discrimination based on disability was signed into law.

  • National Institutes of Health Recommendation

    • The NIH recommended that all children should be screened for HL before they left hospital.

  • Infant Hearing Screenings and Intervention Recommendations

    Infant Hearing Screenings and Intervention Recommendations
    • Recommendations made by the Joint Committee on Infant Hearing and the United States Center for Disease Control included completing infant hearing screenings by 3 months of age and intervention by 6 months of age. Image Reference: Hearing loss in Children 2021

  • 21st Century Communications and Video Accessibility Act

    • The Act mandates that all televised material needs to be captioned.