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1215
1215
when King John signed Magna Carta -
Jamestown’s House of Burgesses (1619)
the first democratically-elected legislative body in the British American colonies -
Mayflower Compact (1620)
an agreement that bound the signers to obey the government and legal system established in Plymouth Colony -
1628
King Charles required to sign the Petition of Right
Required monarchs to obtain Parliamentary approval before new taxes -
1642
Extended conflict between Charles and Parliament erupted into civil war in -
1685
renewed conflicts and rebellion between the Crown and Parliament -
1689
William and Mary chosen to rule, but had to govern according to statutes of Parliament -
Sugar Act (1764)
a law passed by the British Parliament to raise revenue from the American colonies -
The Quartering Acts
Britain adds extra taxes and starts the conflict that lead to the Revolutionary War. -
stamp Act (1765)
a tax passed by the British Parliament to raise money for the British army stationed in the American colonies -
Boston Massacre (1770)
British soldiers fired into crowd
5 colonists died -
Boston Tea Party (1773)
Revolutionaries dumped British Tea into the harbor -
Intolerable Acts (1774)
Colonists were forced to “Quarter,” or house, British troops -
Revolutionary War Start
The beginning of the Revolutionary War -
The United States Army is Established
The unification of all of the colonies to fight Britain -
The United States Marine Corps is Established
to augment naval forces in the Revolutionary War. -
Declaration of Independence
A document in the 2nd Continental Congress, that gave the colonies and the colonist independence from Great Britain. -
The Continental Congress Approves the Articles of Confederation
The time when the Continental Congress thought that the need to enforce their own laws and rights through the AOC (first draft). -
French Join War Against British
Its when the French joined the American Alliance to fight off Great Britain. -
Articles of Confederation (Ratified 1781)
Delegates aimed to have a confederation in which colonies kept their “sovereignty, freedom, and independence. -
Northwest Ordinance: 1787
Established a plan for settling the Northwest Territory
Included disputed lands
Created system for admitting states to the Union
Banned slavery in the territory
Guided nation’s western expansion -
Federalist paper Gazette of the United States published
was friendly to the Federalist Party and published a number of Federalist papers -
Dual Federalism
Both state and national governments were equal authorities operating within their own spheres of influence -
George Washington Inaugurated as President of the United States
The time when George Washington was elected for presidency unanimously, due to his "heroic" status and leadership. -
Whigs countered with National Gazette
The National Gazette was a newspaper that influenced future partisan newspapers and helped establish the newspaper as the main arena for political debate in the early United States. -
1791 The Bill of Rights is Ratified by 3/4ths of the States
The time when the states ratified the Bill of Rights and felt like it was important to individual equality and freedom. -
Chief Justice John Marshall
Began to expand the power of the Supreme Court -
Marbury v. Madison
Power of judicial review -
McCulloch v. Maryland
Maryland taxed the national bank
Court ruled bank was necessary and proper
Maryland couldn’t tax bank b/c it could weaken the national government
"The power to tax is the power to destroy." -
Gibbons v. Ogden
ower of Fed. Govt. To regulate interstate commerce
Strong Federalist
Believed in the "Necessary and Proper" Clause
Strong Congress -
Dred Scott v. Sandford
Enslaved man sued for his and his family's freedom after being taken to a free state
Court said that Scott, as an African-American and previously property, was not a citizen
Gave him no legal standing to sue
Called the “greatest disaster” of the Supreme Court -
Morrill Act
Granted large tracts of land to states; states sold land and used money for colleges -
1889 English Bill of Rights
Guaranteed free speech and protection from cruel and unusual punishment -
Plessy v. Ferguson
Ruled segregation was legal as long as the facilities were equal
“Separate but equal” doctrine -
1913
17th amendment -
16th amendment
gave Congress authority to set a federal income tax -
Radios
Radio became the first form of electronic media -
Cooperative federalism
States and national governments worked together to deal with the Great Depression
Many cases about FDR's New Deal reached the Supreme Court. -
United States v. Darby
Upheld Fair Labor Standards Act; Commerce Clause allows Congress to regulate employment conditions -
Korematsu v. the United States
Upheld involuntary internment of ethnically Japanese American citizens -
The New Deal Era
The court saw Roosevelt's economic legislation as an assault on property rights
Ruled that some New Deal programs violated the Constitution
Roosevelt served 12 years as president (1933-1945) and packed the court with nominees that supported expansion of gov't. Power -
Brown v. Board
Ruled segregation is illegal
"Separate is inherently unequal" -
Great Society
Government program to eliminate poverty and social inequality
Johnson created creative federalism, which released national funds to achieve national goals.
If states didn’t cooperate, they would lose federal funding. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. -
Miranda v. Arizona
Expanded rights of people accused of crimes
“Miranda Rights” -
Loving V. Virginia
Struck down all state laws banning interracial marriage -
Tinker v. Des Moines
Schools couldn’t prevent students from protesting the Vietnam War -
War Powers Resolution (1973)
President must consult with Congress before sending troops -
District of Columbia v. Heller
Ruled the 2nd Amendment protects an individual's right to keep and bear arms for self-defense -
Obergefell v. Hodges
Ruled states must grant and recognize same-sex marriage
Republican presidents have appointed most of the Supreme Court justices since 1953.