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Jun 15, 1215
Magna Carta
-King John forced to sign
-Rule of man to rule of law
-Outlined individual rights King could not violate
- Included taxation and trial provisions -
Jamestown's House of Burgesses
-First assembly in the Americas
-Representative assembly in colonial Virginia
-Included a governor, a council, and 22 delegates -
Mayflower Compact
-Signed by 41 English colonists on the ship Mayflower
-The first written framework of government established in what is now the United States
-The compact was drafted to prevent disagreements/differences of opinion amongst Puritans and non-separatist Pilgrims who had landed at Plymouth a few days earlier. -
Petition of Rights
-King Charles was required to sign it
-Monarchs to obtain Parliamentary approval before new taxes
-Could not unlawfully imprison people or establish military rule during times of peace -
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
-The fundamental orders describe the government set up by the Connecticut River towns, setting its structure and powers. -
Civil War in Britain
-King Charles and the Parliament erupted into a civil war
-King Charles defeated and beheaded -
Massachusetts Body of Liberties
-First legal code established by European colonists in New England
-Establishing the exclusive right of the General Court to legislate and dictate the "Countenance of Authority". -
Renewed Conflicts with King and Parliament
-Conflicts and rebellion came again between the Crown and Parliament -
William and Mary
-William and Mary chosen to rule
-Had to govern according to statutes of Parliament -
English Bill of Rights
-Free speech
-Protection from cruel and unusual punishment -
French and Indian War
-Left Britain in a lot of debt
-Parliament looked to colonies to offset debt -
Sugar Act
-Law that attempted to curb the smuggling if sugar
-Reducing previous tax rate to enforce the collection of it -
Stamp Act
-Taxed anything printed on paper -
Boston Massacre
-British soldiers fired in a crowd
-5 colonist died -
Boston Tea Party
-White males dressed as Native Americans
-Got on the ship and threw tea in the Province of Massachusetts Bay
-Caused by the tea act -
Intolerable Acts
-Laws meant to punish colonist for Boston Tea Party
-Quartering British Troops -
First Continental Congress
-13 Colonist meet up and started a resistance against the king in Britain
-Declaration and Resolves
-Repeal Intolerable Acts
-Boycott of British goods
-Britain rejected Declaration and Resolves -
Second Continental Congress
-12 of 13 Colonist joined in American Revolutionary War
-Continental Army
-Assumed role of government -
Declaration of Independence
-Likely drawn from Virginia Declaration of Rights and inspired by John Locke
-Blamed King for a variety of issues in the Colonies -
Articles of Confederation
-First National Government
-Delegates aimed to have a confederation where colonist keep their sovereignty -
Northwest Ordinance
-Established a plan for settling the Northwest Territory
-Included disputed lands
-Created system for admitting states to the Union
-Banned slavery in the territory -
The Constitution Convention
-Drafted a New Constitution
-Framers were delegates for the Constitution Convention
-James Madison named Father of the Constitution -
Dual Federalism
-Both state and national government were equal authorities operating within their own spheres of influence
-Strict reading
-National government only had power listed in Constitution
-Enumerated Powers -
Judiciary Act
-Established a Three-tiered Judiciary Structure
-Supreme Court
-Circuit Courts
-District Courts -
Chief Justice John Marshall
-Began to expand the power of the Supreme Court -
Marbury v. Madison
-Power of judicial review -
12th Amendment
-12th Amendment allows president to choose vice president -
McCulloch v. Maryland
-Power to tax is the power to destroy -
Gibbons v. Ogden
-Power of Fed. Govt. To regulate interstate commerce
-Strong Federalist
-Believed in the "Necessary and Proper" Clause
-Strong Congress -
Dred Scott v. Sanford
-Dred Scott slave who sued for his and his family's freedom after being taken to a free state
-Court said that Scott, as an African-American and previously property, was not a citizen
-Gave him no legal standing to sue
-Called the “greatest disaster” of the Supreme Court -
Morrill Act
-Granted large tracts of land to states; states sold land and used money for colleges -
Reconstruction Through the End of the Century
-Supreme Court during this time narrowly interpreted the 13th-15th amendments -
Plessy v. Ferguson
-Ruled segregation was legal as long as the facilities were equal
-"Separate but equal” doctrine -
17th Amendment
-17th Amendment gave direct election of Senators -
16th Amendment
-16th amendment gave Congress authority to set a federal income tax
-Main source of US income -
Native Americans Citizenship
-Fed government can regulate commerce with tribes
-Treaties resulted in loss of land and rights for Native Americans
-Native Americans granted citizenship -
House of Representatives law
-Total number of Reps fixed by law at 435 -
The New Deal Era
-The court saw Roosevelt's economic legislation as an assault on property rights
-Ruled that some New Deal programs violated the Constitution
-Roosevelt served 12 years as president (1933-1945) and packed the court with nominees that supported expansion of gov't. Power -
United States v. Miller
-Ruled 2nd Amendment does not protect the right to have all types of weapons -
Minersville School District v. Gobitis
-The Supreme Court ruled that a child could be expelled for refusing to salute the American flag or recite the pledge (these actions violated the child’s religious beliefs -
U.S. v. Darby
-Upheld Fair Labor Standards Act; Commerce Clause allows Congress to regulate employment conditions -
West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette
-The court reversed itself and decided unity was not a sufficient reason to overrule religious beliefs. -
Korematsu v. the United States
-Upheld involuntary internment of ethnically Japanese American citizens -
National Security Council
-Coordinates national security policy
-Brings together the top military, foreign affairs, and intelligence officials in the administration -
Brown v. Board
-Ruled segregation is illegal
-"Separate is inherently unequal" -
Edwards v. South Carolina
-187 African-American students gathered at the state capitol to protest racial injustice
-Students did not end protest when police told them to and were arrested.
-Court said the state had no authority to disperse the students, as they were protesting legally. -
Great Society
-LBJ Lyndon Bane Johnson gave a speech about Great Society to students
-He stated, "And with your courage and with your compassion and your desire, we will build the Great Society. It is a Society where no child will go unfed, and no youngster will go unschooled." -
Civil Rights act of 1964
-Outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin -
Miranda v. Arizona
-Expanded rights of people accused of crimes -
Loving V. Virginia
-Struck down all state laws banning interracial marriage -
Age Discrimination in Employment act
-Protects applicants and employees of 40+ years old from discrimination
-On age in hiring, promotion, discharge, compensation, privileges, etc. of employment.
-Effective on July 12, 1968 -
Tinker v. Des Moines
-Schools couldn’t prevent students from protesting the Vietnam War -
War Powers Resolution
-President must consult with Congress before sending troops
-Congress can force the president to end use of military with a concurrent resolution -
New Federalism
-Returned some authority to state governments
-Ronald Reagan believed state governments could better provide services to the people
-Cut national grant money and relaxed national requirements -
Americans with Disabilities act
-Prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in all areas of public life, including jobs, schools, transportation, and all public and private places that are open to the general public. -
Block Grants
-Congress gave states authority to manage welfare systems with block grants -
Homeland Security
-Reorganization of agencies already in place
-Law enforcement, Border Security, Transportation, Immigration (TSA, CBP), Secret Security, Coast Guard -
McDonald v. Chicago
-Ruled 2nd Amendment applies to federal, state, and local governments; upheld 2nd Amendment
