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Early humans used stones, charcoal, and natural pigments to draw on cave walls. These paintings depicted animals, hunting scenes, and rituals. They were likely used for storytelling, spiritual purposes, or to pass down knowledge -
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Petroglyphs were carved or etched into stone surfaces using sharp tools. These engravings included symbols, maps, and abstract shapes, marking an evolution toward symbolic communication. -
A small, solid, flat, and portable writing surface made from clay that was used by ancient Mesopotamians to record documents -
Egyptians invented papyrus, a lightweight and portable writing surface made from the papyrus plant. It replaced heavier mediums like stone or clay and allowed for easier documentation of culture, religion, and administration. -
Printing Press, invented by Johannes Gutenberg the printing press was revolutionary invention that spread information more -
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Invented by Samuel Morse, the telegraph allowed messages to be transmitted quickly over long distances using Morse Code. This marked the beginning of long-distance communication. -
Guglielmo Marconi developed the first wireless telegraphy system, which evolved into radio broadcasting. By the 1920s, radios became a household item for news and entertainment. -
Early computers like ENIAC were massive machines built for military and scientific purposes. These computers laid the foundation for modern computing. -
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Transistors made radios smaller, cheaper, and portable, allowing people to listen to music and news anywhere. -
The U.S. Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) was the first public packet-switched computer network. It was first used in 1969 and finally decommissioned in 1989. ARPANET's main use was for academic and research purposes. Considered as the foundation of the Internet. -
The Apple 1 and other personal computers made computing available to ordinary households, paving the way for widespread digital innovation. -
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The CD (Compact Discs) was introduced as a new digital audio format. It offered superior sound quality and durability compared to vinyl records and cassette tapes. While initially expensive, CDs quickly gained popularity and eventually surpassed vinyl as the dominant music format. -
Tim Berners-Lee created the World Wide Web, making the internet accessible to the public. This ushered in the age of websites, online communication, and global connectivity. -
Smartphones became all-in-one devices for communication, entertainment, and work. Streaming services like Netflix and Spotify replaced traditional media like cable TV and CDs. -
AI now powers media recommendations, voice assistants, and content creation. Virtual and augmented reality are enhancing entertainment, education, and communication.