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Pre Revolution schooling
Pre-revolution schooling was only in the larger towns in New England required by law to build schools. There were very few schools, and the way to have them was as if the community agreed to pool their resources to afford to hire a teacher. Other colonial parents would pay a fee to have their children attend Dame schools. It was a small private school taught by a woman, much like nursery schools or daycares. Here children learned their letters, discipline, and manners. -
First Public School
The first Public School was the Boston Latin School, established in 1635. The school was an only boy's public Secondary School and was led by Philemon Mormont, a Puritan settler. Schools during this time taught children how to read using hornbooks. Hornbooks had the alphabet and prayer on them. It was a paddle-shaped object made out of transparent horn plates, hence the name hornbook. -
Common Schools
Common schools were the public schools in the United States during the 19th century. The school was reformed from the old types of schools pre-revolution. Horace Mann improved the schools as the first secretary of the Massachusetts Board of Education. Escape better schooling conditions and more available Public School white children of any class. This was so children of even Farmers could attend school and get an education, not just high class are middle-class people. -
Plessy vs. Ferguson
This was a landmark event of the Supreme Court that ruled that racial segregation laws didn't violate the constitution as long as facilities for each race were equal in quality; this included the segregation of schools. Plessy argued that segregation laws violated the 13th Amendment of banning slavery and the 14th Amendment of equal protection. Schools were already segregated from blacks and whites. This made it so it wouldn't be considered unconstitutional even though it was. -
Brown vs. the Board of Education
Brown vs.the Board of Education was a landmark event in 1954 that ruled the racial segregation of children in public schools was unconstitutional, contradicting Plessy versus Ferguson, which said it was constitutional. In this lawsuit, they said that racial segregation and public schools violated the equal protection Clause of the 14th Amendment. This was also brought up in the Plessy versus Ferguson case.Both of these lawsuits have similar issues that make segregation unconstitutional. -
Title IX
Title IX is a federal civil rights law passed as part of the Education Amendments of 1972. This law is to help face discrimination in schools and other educational programs that receive Federal Government funding. The law is to help combat sex discrimination, sexual harassment, and sexual violence. Title IX equal rights to all genders in educational programs, activities, and federal financial assistance. -
Lau v. Nichols
Lau v. Nichols was a Supreme Court case in 1974. Lau v. Nichols rules under the Civil Rights Act of 1964 that our school district receiving federal funds must provide non-English-speaking students with instruction in the English language to ensure that they receive an equal education. It is used to help children transition into learning for students whose first language is not English. This case what's to help remove language barriers that occurred during learning. -
The Education for All Handicapped Children Act
The Act is a federal law passed in 1975. It is also known as public law 94 -142. The law required public schools to provide appropriate Educational Services for children with disabilities between ages 3 to 21. This gave all children of disabilities the freedom and right to education. The Act reformed schools, allowing greater education and expanding the population of public schools. This will enable children with disabilities and special needs to assimilate and have the right to an education. -
Plyler v. Doe(illegal immigration. The equal protection clause set forth that no state shall deny any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the law.
Plyler v. Doe was a case issue of withholding State funds for local school districts that educated children residing in the country without legal permission. Under the law, these children could also be denied enrollment in public schools. The lawsuit argues that denying a free education to these children violated the Constitution's equal protection clause. The Court also held that the statute was not established on a rational basis because it did not further the stated goals of reducing ill -
Forest Grove School District vs. T. A
Forest Grove School District vs. T. A is a Supreme Court case from 2009. This was a case where a young man with a learning disability switched from public to private school. He switched schools because the public school failed to meet his needs as a student with disabilities. The public school was later ruled to reimburse him and his family for attending a private school. This was the ruling because the public school did not meet the student's needs for free appropriate public education.
