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Plessy v. Ferguson
Plessy, who was a free man who was seven-eighths white and one-eighth of African descent, refused to move from the whites only car and go to the African American car. He was removed and jailed. The Supreme Court rejected Plessy’s argument that his constitutional rights were violated and ruled that separate-but-equal facilities were constitutional. This negatively impacted African Americans as race problems grew worse as the ruling justified segregation. -
Brown v. the Board of Education, Topeka
On May 17, 1954, the U.S Supreme Court makes a ruling on the Brown v. Board of Education case. The Brown v. Board of Education was named after 5 cases collectively involving colored elementary school students. The U.S Supreme Court ruled that segregation in public schools violated the 14th amendment of the constitution which affected all legally segregated schools. This helped students receive a quality education regardless of racial status. -
Title IX
On June 23, 1972, Title IX was signed into law by President Richard Nixon. This law “prohibits federally funded educational institutions from discriminating against students or employees based on sex.” This resulted in schools providing fair and equal treatment of the sexes in all areas including athletics. This protects people based on their sex. -
Education of all Handicapped Children Act
On November 29, 1975, The US Congress enacted The Education for All Handicapped Children Act. Children were being denied access to education based on their disabilities. This act provided equal access of education to all students regardless of disability. This act guaranteed free public education to all kids with disabilities. -
Washington v. Seattle School District No. 1
On June 30, 1982, the Supreme Court found a violation of the Equal Protection Clause which disadvantaged minority students. A Washington state initiative prevented districts from enforcing mandatory busing policies and a school district in Seattle challenged this initiative and fight the discrimination. -
Pyler v. Doe
On June 15th, 1982, the U.S Supreme Court makes a ruling on the Player v Doe case. This involved undocumented students who were being denied free public education. The U.S Supreme Court rules all children were entitled to free education regardless of their citizenship. This helped immigrant students attend school as sometimes the charge would influence them never attending school at all. -
Chipman v. Grant County School District
On December 29, 1998, the court ruled there was a violation of Title IX by discriminating against pregnant women. Female high school students, Somer Chipman and Chasity Glass were denied membership at Grant County High School’s Honor Society after becoming pregnant. This is gender and pregnant discrimination. This case helped teen moms as they could continue to attend school and continue their education. -
Campaign for Fiscal Equity v. State of New York
New York City public schools were underfunded and denied its students their constitutional right. A group that was involved in this case was the CFE and also students and their parents who first filed a complaint. "The Court of Appeals reaffirmed the right to offer all children the opportunity of a sound basic education and established a minimum funding amount for New York City schools.” This case helped illustrate that the government fails to provide adequate funding.