-
Brown Board of Education 1954
The court declared that separate public schools for black and white students were unconstitutional. It ended the tradition of racial separation at schools. -
Title III Supplemental Program 1965
It provides funds to LEAs for supporting the children of immigrants. The funds support activities that assist ELL students in developing English language proficiency in comprehension, listening, speaking, reading and writing. -
The Bilingual Education Act of 1968/1974...
The Bilingual Education Act of 1968 is the first official federal recognition of the needs of students with limited English speaking ability (LESA). The Act has undergone four various amendments, in order to meet the changing needs of these students and of society. -
Lau vs. Nichols: A Landmark Case for ELL Education 1974
This case was brought forward by Chinese American students in the San Francisco Unified School District who were placed in mainstream classrooms despite their lack of proficiency in English. and left to "sink or swim."
The result of the case was the establishment of the Lau Remedies, which essentially require districts to implement bilingual education programs for LEP students. -
Equal Education Opportunity Act 1974
EEOA prohibits discrimination against faculty, staff, and students, including racial segregation of students, and requires school districts to take action to overcome barriers to students' equal participation. -
Castañeda v. Pickard 1978
It was a case that was decided by he U.S. Supreme Court. It's outcome was that school districts in this country are required to take the necessary actions in order to provide students who do not speak English as their first language the skills to be successful at schools. -
Plyler v. Doe 1982
In June 1982, the Supreme Court issued Plyler v. Doe, a landmark decision holding that states cannot constitutionally deny students a free public education on account of their immigration status. -
No Child Left Behind 2002
It is a law that scaled up the federal role in holding schools accountable for student outcomes. NCLB was signed by President Bush. -
Race to the Top RTTT 2009
It gives grants and funds to schools who make improvements on students' performances. 48 states adopted common standards on evaluating the outcomes of learning at schools. -
Every Student Succeed Act 2015
It was signed by President Obama in 2015. It reauthorized that all students have equal opportunities for academic success at schools. ESSA expands the academic outcomes for students. As a result, the high school graduation rates have been improved in the past few years.