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The Constitutio Antoniniana granted roman citizenship to people of the Empire. The distinction between citizens and non-citizens largely disappared. The Roman Law is the dominant legal system. -
The Emperor is Dominus et Deus: The power is concentrated on the emperor - laws are devided into general (orations ad senatum and edicta) and special laws (Decreta, Mandata, Rescripta, Adnotatio).
The two legal compilations Codex Gregorianus and Hermogenianus are private collections of relevant laws of emperial law by lawyers. (291) -
Different Germanic groups with their own legal system invade and settle the West of the Empire.
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Crucial legal text for both eastern and western Roman Empires
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Early written visgothic law --> Codification of Germanic customary law and Roman law -
Pope Gelasius I (492-496) separates two powers - auctoritas sacrata pontificum (sacred authority of the bishop) and regalis potestas (royal power). The two powers are supposed to work together and but still be seperated. -
Per pugnam sine iustitia: A time without professional jurists
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Codification of Roman law approved by the assembly of Bishops and representatives of the king with leges (emperial constitutions), iura (replies by classical jurists) and interpretatio (to clarify law) -
Eastern Roman Emperor Justinian wanted to restore the Empire to former glory with the help of a simplification of law and simple, repetitive activities of jurists (Ius publicae respondi). He published the Corpus Iuris Civilis, a codification of law which consists of Code, Digest and Institutes.
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Review of Code of Euric which did not survive: laws appeared in liber iudiciorum with the inscription "antiquae": -
Set of laws promulgated by several visigoth kings applicable to both Visigoths and Romans
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Rediscovery of Justinians Works and reappearance of legal concepts. Irnerius founded school of Bologna which became center for legal studies in Europe. The Ratio scripta (written knowledge) is used to solve legal problems