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Period: 1095 to 1291
The Crusades are Fought
The crusades were a group of religious wars fought during the medieval period. The first crusades were launched by Pope Urban II and the result was the capture of Jerusalem. The Crusades were mainly fought between the Arabs and the Europeans. The main Crusades took over 200 years to finish. The Latin Church ordered the capture of the holy land and the removal of Islamic rule. -
1300
The beginning of the Renaissance
The Renaissance was kind of like a new age of art, science, humanism, and exploration. The renaissance had many amazing people such as Michelangelo, Da Vinci, Galilei, Gutenberg and many more. It first originated in Italy and later spread to the rest of Europe. Some of the most famous pieces of art were created during this time period. During this time the Church was not liked so much because of what happened during the plague. -
1337
100 Years' War Begins
The 100 Years' War was a series of conflicts by the house Plantagenet, rulers of the Kingdom of England. It was fought over the succession of the French Throne. The French had about 17 million people, while the English only had 4 million. France had alliances with Scotland, while England tried to alliance with the low countries. This war was interrupted by the Black Death, and the fighting died down. -
1347
The Black Death Begins in Europe
The Black Death was the wide spread pandemic that passed from Asia to Europe in the 14th century. The Black death has many names such as the plague, black death, the blue sickness, the great mortality, bubonic plague, and many more. This plague killed around 75-200 million people, and took over 150 years just to get back to normal. This disease was transmitted by fleas that were on rats, and thus thats the reason why it could spread so fast. If you caught it you would die in the next week. -
May 30, 1431
Joan of Arc Burned at the Stake
Joan of Arc was a national heroine of France. When she was 18 she led the French Army to victory over the English at Orleans. Joan was burned at the stake as a heretic by the English. She was the daughter of poor tenant farmer. She was recognized as a Roman Catholic Saint more than 500 years later. -
1440
Johannes Gutenberg Printing Press
The first thing printed by Gutenberg was the bible. Gutenberg didn't just invent this, he worked on other things like mirrors that capture "holy light" shining from religious relics. Gutenberg was sued by his investor. Gutenberg lost his printing press business to Fust, his investor. Archbishop Adolf II granted him the title of Hofmann when Mainz fell into poverty. -
May 29, 1453
Fall of Constantinople
Constantinople was the capital city of Rome, and the Byzantine empire before it fell. The person who conquered Constantinople was the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II. The won by using gunpowder weapons like guns and cannons to break down the walls and cause havoc. The entire attack took weeks because the wall wouldn't fall so easy. Constantinople had many people attempt to take down the wall, but only Mehmed II was able to. -
Nov 1, 1478
Start of the Spanish Inquisition
*The Spanish Inquisition was to combat heresy in Spain.
*The first Grand Inquisitor was in Spain was the Dominican Tomás de Torquemada, who is associated with brutality.
*When accused the sentencing took place at the auto-da-fé.
*About 2,000 people burned at the stake.
*On March 31, 1492 Jews were given two choices when they were accused. Die or be Baptized. -
Period: Jun 28, 1491 to Jan 28, 1547
King Henry VIII Reign
Henry was the King of England from 1491 to 1547. During his time he expanded the royal power greatly. He is one of the most famous kings well known for having 6 wives. When Henry died his sone, Edward VI became king at age 9, but died from Tuberculosis. Another thing he was well known for was his drastic changes to the English Constitution. When he was first king he was known for being generous, good looking, and well educated before his later years. -
1492
Christopher Columbus Lands in the New World
*Christopher Columbus thought he had found a shorter rout to Asia.
*He was sponsored by the King of Spain in 1492.
*Columbus went on 4 total voyages
*He helped open routes to America, but he also damages the native population with disease.
*On his first voyage he lost most of his ships and nearly his life from French Privateers. -
Period: 1492 to
Columbian Exchange
The Columbian exchange was the widespread of plants, animals, culture, and disease between the new and old worlds. During this exchange 90% of the native population died tanks to disease. One of the byproducts during this exchange was the Atlantic Slave Trade, where almost 12.5 million Africans forcibly transported to foreign lands. This exchange gave Europe one of the most important crops which was the potato. Another food was "The food of the gods" which was chocolate. -
Period: 1502 to
Slave Trade
*The Transatlantic Slave Trade was the transportation of enslaved African people to America
*The living conditions on the ships were absolutely horrible
*President Abraham Lincoln ended slavery in 1863
*There were these 4 main rules the slaves had to follow
*Millions died due to this -
1506
Mona Lisa Completed
The mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo da Vinci in 1503 and finished 1506. The figure in the portrait is believed to be the wife of Francesco del Giocondo, Lisa Gherardini. The name Mona Lisa was a spelling mistake from Monna Lisa, which in Italian means Madonna which means My Lady. In 1913 the Mona Lisa was stolen by Vicenzo Perugia, but later found and returned. The painting was damaged in 1956 in the left elbow by Ugo Ungaza by throwing a rock at it. -
1508
Michelangelo begins painting the sistine Chapel
The Sistine Chapel is one of the most famous painted interior spaces in the world. It took over 4 years to paint this master piece. This building is very close to St. Peter's Basilica and the Belvedere Courtyard in the Vatican. Originally the ceiling was painted blue with stars on them. Michelangelo gained fame with his other work like Pieta and David. -
Oct 31, 1517
Martin Luther post 95 Thesis
he posted the 95 Thesis as a protest agains Indulgences. He was the spark for the protestant reformation. Luther spent his early years as a monk and a scholar. Luther became one of the most significant figures in western history. His writings were condemned by the church. -
1521
Cortes Conquers the Aztecs
*Cortes made alliances with passing Aztec cities before taking the capitol.
*The killing of the kind of the Aztecs was accident and when Spanish troops tried to escape nearly 2/3 died.
*Cortes sunk his own ships after arriving to the capitol in fear of betrayal
*The Aztecs were severely weakened due to an outbreak of small pox
*Mexico city was founded on the ruins of Tenochtitlan -
1527
"The Prince"
The Italian Author Niccolò Machiavelli wrote the book "The Prince" in 1527 about his political philosophy. In 1498 Machiavelli was named Chancellor and secretary of the second Chancellory of the Florentine Republic. Many monarchs take example after this book. Machiavelli was dismissed from chancellor and soon imprisoned because he was thought to be a conspirator against the Medici. He has written many other novel such as "The Art of War", and "The Life of Castruccio Castracani" -
Period: 1533 to
Ivan the Terrible's Reign
*On January 16, 1547 Ivan was crowned with Monomakh's Cap, and first to be crowned as "Tsar of all of Russia"
*He had an illness, and the medication was making it worse
*He made a special force of people that could go around killing everyone
*Ivan was so suspicious of everyone and eventually ended up killing most of them
*He killed his own son -
Period: Sep 7, 1533 to
Queen Elizabeth's Reign
*She was the daughter of King Henry VIII
*She was the last monarch of the House of Tudor
*She had many successes with parliament that few could say they did
*She was associated withe the defeat of the Spanish Armada
*She hired a pirate named Sir Francis Drake to steal from other countries -
Period: 1545 to 1563
Counter Reformation
The counter reformation was the revival of the Catholic Church, where they try to make up for what they did in the past. The council of trent was the biggest event in the counter reformation where everything took place to reform. Another event that took place during this was the Spanish Inquisition. This inquisition made anyone who was jewish either convert or leave. It was described as an awful time during it's run. -
1555
Peace of Augsburg
*The Peace of Augsburg was a temporary settlement within the Holy Roman Empire of the religious conflict arising from the reformation.
*Each prince was to determine whether Lutheranism or Roman Catholicism was to prevail in his lands.
*Dissenters were allowed to emigrate
*Free cities were obligated to allow both Catholics and Lutherans to practice their religion.
*Calvinists and others were ignored. -
Spanish Armada
*The Spanish Armada were a fleet of 130 ships.
*Their purpose was to invade England, and over throw Queen Elizabeth
*The armada was destroyed many times from a variety of events
*The construction was under the command of the Duke of Medina Sidonia
*The armada was defeated under the command of Lord Charles Howard and Sir Francis Drake. -
Edict of Nantes
*The Edict of Nantes is a French Royal Decree establishing toleration for Huguenots.
*It was signed by King Henry IV
*The edict was revoked by Louis XIV in 1685
*The idea was to give Huguenots a chance
*Four separate documents made up the edict of Nantes -
Period: to
Era of the Samurai
samurai were the warriors of Japan during this time. They had a strict code to follow called Bushido which valued loyalty to their master, and practiced Zen Buddhism. The supreme military commander was called Shogun and served the Emperor. During the Edo period it was really peaceful so the samurai started to decline, and a few years later were abolished. Today they still teach people what they did. -
William Shakespear's Death
*He died from a illness
*William Shakespear was an English poet, playwright, and actor
*He wrote many plays, and some of his work is very famous
*He married and had 4 kids
*He made plays for King Henry IV -
Petition of Rights
*The petition of rights was a statement sent by the parliament to the king
*It was about the king raising taxes without informing the parliament
*No soldiers may be quartered upon the citizenry, and martial law may not be used in a time of peace.
*King Charles kept raising taxes so this document was opposed on him
*King Charles breaks this anyway by raising taxes again. -
King Charles I Executed
*King Charles I was the king of England, Scotland, and Ireland.
*The Parliament was the reason for his execution because he kept breaking rules and signed contracts
*He was the second son of King James VI, and believed in diving rights of kings
*After his death monarchy was abolished
*He caused many wars -
Lord George Macartney Expelled
George Macartney was a British statesman, colonial administrator, and diplomat. George was the Governor of Grenda, and Madras. In 1792 George was created Earl by the Irish Peerage. George led an Embassy to China but was denied, and this was really bad for China because this would later effect the Qing Dynasty. In 1795 the British Peerage raised him to Baron before he died. -
Period: to
Opium War
The war was fought between Britain and China during the Qing Dynasty. The reason why this war was fought was because China was banning he trade of opium, a drug that the British traded for silver. There were two different wars involving opium so they combined them and called them the opium wars. During the trading period China became addicts, so they burned a lot of the stuff. France was with Britain against China.
