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Henry VIII became king after the death of his brother
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King Henry VIII wanted to devorce his wife Catherine of Aragon, after 18 years of marriage because she did not give him a son, he wanted an alliance with France and not the Habsburgs and finaly because he was in love with her lady in wating, Ann Boleyn. The king tried to divorce her but the Pope rejected his petition. -
It gives the King the power to pronounce divorce and to marry Ann Boleyn defying the Pope's authority -
By this Act of Supremacy, King Henry VIII become supreme head of the Church of England -
The dissolution of the monasteries takes place, with the Crown seizing their income and land. This move is met with rebellions, including the Pilgrimage of Grace in 1536-1537.
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Edward VI became king after his father's death, he was 9 years old
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The Book of Common Prayer is published, leading to the eradication of Roman Catholic practices and rebellions in Cornwall and Devon. -
After her brother's death at 15 years old. Mary, daughter of Catherine of Aragon and King Henry VIII became the first Queen of England, she will revert back to Catholicism in 18 months and gain the name of "Bloody Mary" because of the executions of Protestants
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The Protestant were confines to secresy as Queen Mary I burned et the stake all the protestant
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Queen Elizabeth I abolished the authority of the Pope,
restored, the authority of the Queen over the Church and became “Supreme Governor of the Church of England”. She restablished the First act of Supremacy -
The queen ordered by this act the use of the Book of common Prayer in every parish and all the people who did not attend were fined -
Doctrine introducing three important changes, a new ecclesiology, a new doctrine of salvation and a new definition of sacraments and of the mass
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Mary Stuart, Queen of Scotland flee to England because of a civil war -
She was retained captive during 19 years in England by Queen Elizabeth I, her cousin
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an attempt to replace Elizabeth I with Mary, Queen of Scots, is crushed. -
Through a papal bull “Regnans in Excelsis”, Pope Pius V excommmunicated Queen Elizabeth calling her an heretic -
every person saying that Queen Elizabeth was not the true Queen of England and Wales was qualified as a traitor, it was treason to say so
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This Act provided for the death penalty for any person converting, or already converted to Catholicism. The participation or celebration of Catholic Mass was now forbidden and Anglican services became compulsory
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Catholics wanted Mary Stuart on the throne of England because she had successions right, Elizabeth did not have an heir, but their strategies were discovered by the Queen master spy which conduct to the execution of Mary of Scots -
Mary of Scots was executed following the babington Plot, she was supposedly part of the Plot and was condemned to be executed in Fotheringham Castle. The day of her execution she was wearing a red dress, colour of the catholics Martyrs, and she prayed in Latin, opposed to the english parayers of the Protestants -
After the attemp of King Phillipe II of Spain, to invade England in order to fight Protestantism, Queen Elizabeth I defeated the Great Armada, the Spanish fleet, because of a new english fleet, a storm that destroyed part of the Spanish fleet and inciendary ships -
James VI of Scotland , son of Mary Stuart ,becomes James I of England. He will expand the dept of England from 100 000 pounds to over 1Million, becaus of his extravagant lifestyle and his will to go to war against Spain during the crisis of the Elector Palatine, his daughter's husband
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a Catholic conspiracy to blow up Parliament and kill James I, is foiled. It included gunpowder placed under the Parliament that should have been light up in order to blow up the Parliament with the king in it. -
Charles I's, son of James I become king after his father's death. However he is amrried to a Spanish princess and favour the Arminians, a branch of protestantism that is close to catholicism which is a problem for the Parliament that see this as a risk of reverting back to catholicism.
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After dissoluting many times the Parliament because of their revendications and opinions on the ways he govern the country, Charles decided to reign alone, raising money through diverse ways.
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Charles I attempts to impose a new prayer book in Scotland, sparking riots and rebellion in 1637.
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The "Short Parliament" is dissolved after three weeks, and the Scots invade England. The "Long Parliament" is convened, and the Irish Rebellion breaks out. -
After intense debates, Parliament passed a pivotal document highlighting Charles I's misdeeds and presenting revolutionary demands: the Commons' right to appoint ministers, parliamentary control over armies sent to Ireland, and authority to reform the Church. -
The Civil war oppposed the King and his suporters to the parliamentarians. It began with the king want to arrest five members of the parliaments, which pushed them to create a new model army. They defeated the royalists, ending the first civil war but because the parliamentarians did not pay them , they kidnapped the king that ultimately escaped.
Charles asked the hepl of the Scots, shocking his people, he was ready to hcange the religion in England if they helped him take back his throne. -
Following the events of the civil war and his two defeats the king is put on trial and ultimately beheaded -
After its creations the Commonwealth, under the control of Parliament, faces royalist revolts in Ireland and Scotland and internal conflict.
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Cromwell dissolves Parliament and establishes the Protectorate, a military dictatorship. -
Cromwell rules as Lord Protector, achieving military success but facing challenges from critics and conspiracies.
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Charles II returns from exile and is restored as king, marking the beginning of the Restoration.
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After his brother's death James II became king of England even with the worry of the Parliamentarians because of his catholicism
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The Glorious Revolution takes place. Parliament invites William of Orange to invade England and seize the throne from James II, who flees to France. William and Mary become joint monarchs. -
The Bill of Rights is passed, limiting the monarch's powers and establishing a constitutional monarchy. -
The Act of Settlement ensures a Protestant succession to the throne. -
The Act of Union unites England (and Wales) and Scotland, creating the United Kingdom of Great Britain.