Timeline Assignment: Louis Slotin Criticality Accident

  • Early Life of Louis Slotin

    Jewish-Canadian Physicist and Chemist Born and raised in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada who is the oldest of 3 Entered University at the age of 16
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    Academic

    1932-1933 - Received his Bachelors of Science (1932) and Masters of Science (1933) at the University of Manitoba
    1936 - Received Doctorate in Physical Chemistry at King’s College London, won an award for his thesis: "An Investigation into the Intermediate Formation of Unstable Molecules During some Chemical Reactions."
    1937 - Gained experience in nuclear chemistry as a research associate at the University of Chicago where he built the first cyclotron in the midwestern United States.
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    Success as a Scientist

    1937 - Became a research associate at the University of Chicago where he gained experience in nuclear chemistry
    - Built the first cyclotron in the midwestern US
    1939-1940 - Collaborated with Earl Evans, Head of University’s Biochemistry department where they used carbon-11 to demonstrate that plant cells had the capacity to use carbon dioxide for carbohydrate synthesis, through carbon fixation
  • First Nuclear Bomb

    First Nuclear Bomb
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    Manhattan Project!

    2942 - Invited to join the Manhattan Project at the Los Alamos National Laboratory in Los Alamos, New Mexico
    - Job was to perform criticality testing to test for critical mass values of fissile materials and performed experiments with uranium and plutonium core to determine critical mass values
    - Lead to the use of a plutonium core in criticality accident
    1945 - Became known as the Chief Armorer of the United States
    - Assembled core for Trinity, the first detonated atomic device
  • Death of Harry Daghlian

    Harry Daghlian was an American Physicist who worked on the Manhattan Project, who was a college of Louis Slotin First criticality accident at the Los Alamos National Laboratory Was performing a critical mass experiment when he accidentally dropped a heavy tungsten carbide brick onto a 6.2 kilogram (14lb) plutonium-gallium alloy bomb core, accidentally irradiating himself Estimated 510 rem (5.1 sv) of neutron radiation Died from Acute Radiation Syndrome 25 days Later
  • "Tickling the Dragon's Tail"

    • Testing on the Demon core, same plutonium core that killed Harry Daghlian
    • Test was performed by slowly bringing two beryllium coated hemispheres together around a plutonium core without the two halves touching, but when the screwdriver separating the two hemispheres slipped causing a burst of radiation.
    • Slotin quickly moved the top hemisphere off the demon core with his left hand to stop the radiation and save his fellow colleagues from lethal doses that ended the reaction
  • Radiation Dose

    • Dosimetry badges were in a lock box, so it is still unknown how much radiation they actually received
    • He then tried to use a radiation detector on various items that were near the core—a bristle brush, an empty Coca-Cola bottle, a hammer, a measuring tape
    • Estimated 2,100 rem of neutron, gamma, and x-ray to Slotin's whole body and over 15,000 rem of neutron, gamma, and x-ray to just his left hand
    • Other estimations: 10 Gy, 2.87Gy, 10 Gy (neutron), 1.14 Gy (gamma)
  • After the Accident

    • 4 of the 8 men discharged from hospital, but the other 4 were in more critical condition
    • Slotin and 2 other physicist developed acute radiation syndrome
    • Slotin's conditions included: vomitting following exposure, diarrhea, swollen hands, erythema, intestinal paralysis, gangrene, internal radiaiton burns, nausea, abdominal pain
    • Left hand took on a blue color and developed blisters
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    Acute Radiation Syndrome

    • White cell count dropped
    • Temperature and pulse began to fluctuate
    • Signs of mental confusion
    • Oxygen deprivation
    • Slipped into a coma
  • Death of Louis Slotin

    • Died at the age of 35 of Acute Radiation Syndrome
    • 9 days later after the criticality accident
    • Known as a hero for his quick reaction, risking his own life