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Period: 1509 to 1547
King Henry VIII
Henry VIII was born in 1491 and was the first Tudor King when he was crowned at only 17. Under his reign, the Church of England separated from the Roman Catholic Church (in 1554). He had 6 wives and 3 children (Mary, Elizabeth and Edward). -
1517
饾檳饾櫈饾櫍饾櫄饾櫓饾櫘-饾檨饾櫈饾櫕饾櫄 饾檹饾櫇饾櫄饾櫒饾櫈饾櫒 written by Martin Luther
The Ninety-Five Thesis was written by Martin Luther, a German monk, in 1517. He wrote it in order to protest against the power of indulgences within the Catholic Church. It is said that this writing marks the start of the European Reformation. In the picture, we can see a representation of him nailing the text to the doors of the University of Wittenberg where he was a professor of theology on 31 October, 1517. -
1526
饾檹饾櫇饾櫄 饾檹饾櫈饾櫍饾櫃饾櫀饾櫋饾櫄 饾樈饾櫈饾櫁饾櫋饾櫄
In 1526, William Tindale, an English protestant, translated the Bible in English. It is said to be the first official translated version of the Bible. -
1534
Act of Supremacy
Act voted by the Parliament which defined the right of the King (Henry VIII) to be supreme head of the Church of England. -
1536
The Pilgrimage of Grace
It's the greatest rebellion against a Tudor monarch. This rebellion lasted 6 months and was mainly based Yorkshire and Lincolnshire. They were against the dissolution of monasteries and they demanded the restauration of the Pope and Mary Tudor to the Royal succession. -
Period: 1536 to 1541
Destruction of the monasteries
Because of the act of Supremacy in 1534, all the monasteries in England were dissembled in order to erase the Catholic Chruch's footprint. -
Period: 1547 to 1553
King Edward VI
Edward VI is the son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour. he was only 9 years old when his father died so he didn't become king right away (his uncle ruled as Lord Protector). During his reign, he pushed England further into Protestantism and introduced the Book of Common prayer in 1549. He died at 15 of tuberculosis in 1553 -
Period: 1553 to 1558
Queen Mary I
She became the first Queen of England after her half-brother death. She was known as Mary I and she restored catholicism in only 18 months. Her nickname was "Bloody Mary" because she burned over 200 "heretics"(protestant) during her reign. -
Period: 1558 to
Queen Elizabeth I
Elizabeth I was the daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. She became Queen after her sister's death. During her reign, she stabilised the Church of England bu giving it principles from Catholicism and Protestantism (the religious settlement). -
1559
Act of Supremacy
Act voted by the Parliament which defined the right of the Queen (Elizabeth I) to be supreme governor of the Church of England. It also abolished the authority of the Pope over the Church of England -
1559
Act of Uniformity
Act voted by the parliament that sais that every parish has to use the Book of Common Prayer (Edward VI)and that also sais that people who didn't attend an Anglican service were fined. -
1563
The 39 Articles of Faith
Between 1563 and 1571, Elizabeth I created those articles in order to state the doctrine of the Church. The 3 important changes were a new ecclesiology (conception of Church), a new doctrine of salvation, and a new definition of the saccrements and of the mass. It is still in use today. -
1570
Papal Bull "Regnans in Excellis" and excommunication of the Queen
This Papal bull was delivered in order to excommunicate Queen Elizabeth I. This text was very violent, she was called "the so-called Queen" and "the Queen of the heretics" In response, she passed the Treason Act, which made everyone who said that she wasn't a legitimate Queen a traitor. -
1573
Execution of Mary Queen of Scots
Mary Queen of Scots was the daughter of King James VI of Scotland and Mary of Guise. She was raised in France as a catholic and also was the widow of the French King Francis II. In 1568, she fled Scotland due to a Civil War, and Elizabeth granted her shelter as a prisoner for 19 years (due to her catholic believes). In 1587, she was found guilty for complicity in a plot against Elizabeth I. She was executed in Fotheringham Castle wearing a bright red dress, the colour of the Catholics martyrs. -
1581
The 1581 Act
This Act is a part of Elizabeth's repression against the Catholics. It allowed death penalty to converting and converted Catholics and also forbade people to participate in a Catholic mass. In addition, Anglican services were made compulsory and a 拢20 fine was created for people who didn't attend one. -
The defeat of the Spanish Armada
In 1588, Philip II, the Catholic King of Spain tried to invade England because of Elizabeth's support to protestant Dutch revolt against Spain. It was a great victory for England because of a new 8OO ships fleet, a new line battle strategy and the use of the Dutch strategy of incendiary ships. Also, England had a human advantage over Spain. This event helped to prove the extraordinary qualities of the Queen, but also as a reaffirmation of the English national cohesion. -
Act of Union
Act voted by the Parliament in order to unit the Great Britain (England and Scotland) and Ireland under the name of United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.