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Prince Nikolaus Eszterhazy
hayden'[s employer and patron after 1790 -
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Ludwig Van Beethoven
icon of our present culture;established the heroic topi in orchestral music and was was the transition between classical and romantic periods -
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E. T. A Hoffmann
German writer and composer;author of The Nutcracker fable; his writing were the epitomy of romanticism; artist. wrote writings, stage works, piano works, vocal works,and som chamber and orchestral works. -
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Carl Maria von Webber
founder of the german romantic opera; studied witrh michael hyden; important conductor. wrote cantatas,concertos, piano works, songs, 2 symphonies, writings, german opera, and other dramatic works. -
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Gioachino Rossini
the most famous composer in vienna in the 19th cent.,mostly choral and operatic music; italian. 39 operas, choral music, vocal works, 2 sinfonia -
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Gaetano Donizetti
Student of mayr; Verdi's immediate forerunner in serios italian opera; prolific comp. of all genre's. wrote 70 operas, symphonies, chamber music, and choral. -
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Franz Shubert
austrian; created artistic and dramatic leider genre; frequent modulations. over 600 lieder, 9 sinphonies, chamber music, 100 songs, choral music. -
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The Romantic Era
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Melody
melody's could be symmetrical but most composers used more expansive and elongated musical ideas. the upward lea of a sixth was the "romantic" interval. -
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Harmony
remarkable advances were happening in the harmonic nature of the music in the 19th century. wagner had innovations that would eventually lead to harmonic theories of the 20th century. -
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Texture
homophony, polyphony, and monophony were all used in the 19th century. texture was used for emotional display. -
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Robert Schumann
important critic; editor, and comp;center of musical life; lost sanity younge. wrote 4 symphonies, lieder, chamber music, piano work, concertos, 1 not good opera -
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Fredrick Francois Chopin
polish/ french comp, and pianist; innovated new piano techniques;more famous today; known for his character pieces. wrote piano concertos, chamber music that involved piano, and sonatas. -
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Franz Liszt
virtuoso pianist; conductor, author; supporter of Wagner; innovator in musical form, harmonies; inventor of orchestral tone poem. tone poems,dramatical works, lieder concertos, piano works, vocal works, and writings. -
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Giuseppe Verdi
leading comp. in italian opera of 19th cent.; became a national hero in italy. 26 operas, and choral music. -
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Charles Gounod
french prolific comp., wrote in most genres of the day. composed 12 operas, oratios, much choral works, masses, and piano works -
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Clara wieck Schumann
Virtuoso pianist, wife to robert schumann; close friend to brahms. wrote lieder and piano concertos. -
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Anton Bruckner
austrian comp. and organist; follower of wagner; known for his large orchestrations; incredibly concientios approach to composition. symphonies, organ works, and choral music. -
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Johann Strauss
viennese composer,conducter and violinist; called the " waltz- king"
wrote viennese operettas. -
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Stefen Foster
American songwriter; vernacular style. wrote songs. -
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Piotr Il'ych Tchaikovsky
russian composer; conductor and teacher; western trained; emotional; conservative harmonic language. wrote stage works, 6 symphonies, symphonic poems, concertos, choral and chamber music, songs, and writings. -
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Antonin Dvorak
most famous of the czech comp.; lived in usa, influenced by african and native american culture and music. wrote 9 symphonies, choral music, piano works, concertos, orchestral works, and songs. -
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Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov
one of the russian mighty 5; important as a teacher; conductor; wrote an orchestration treatise. composed symphonies, 20 stage works, chamber music, choral music, symphonic poems,piano works,songs, and writings -
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Gabriel Faure
French comp., teacher, and keyboardist; foreshadowed moder tonality and style; extremly important as a teacher; head of the paris conservatory. wrote stage works, songs, choral music, vocal and orchestral works, chamber music, piano works and writings. -
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Leos Janacek
czech composer; ethnomusicologist; influenced by folk music. composed stage works, orchestral works chamber music, chorla music, keyboard works, folksong arrangement and editions. -
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John Philip Sousa
wrote over 100 marches, vocal works. american leader of the marine band and the "March King" -
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gorges Bizet
french composer who created a new type of serious opera. wrote dramatic works, piano works, and songs.