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Period: 1567 to
Claudio Monteverdi
-famous for The Renaissance Era and Baroque Era
-Used lots of dissonance for drama
-Seconda prattica: monody with dissonance, very expressive
-1590: Became court composer for the Duke of Mantua, wrote L’Orfeo (1607)
-Later became the choirmaster at St. Mark’s Cathedral in Venice
-Final opera: The Coronation of Poppea (1642) -
Period: to
Francesca Caccini
-Soprano and the daughter/of Giulio Caccini
-First woman to compose any operas
-Sang lead roles in several early operas
-Both parents worked for the Medici Family
-Almost employed by the King of France but was bought out by the Medici family.
-highest paid musica in Italy by age 20
-Highly praised for her soprano voice and her ability to play any string instrument well which includes harpsichord -
Baroque Era
-Era of ornamentation
-People considered this music bizarre for its time
-Things like harmony were freer than in the renaissance era
-Polyphony and homophony were equal
-Tuning system changes
-Composers did not use more than 4 keys
-Equal temperament
-Development of functional harmony, more consistent rhythms, barlines -
Period: to
Barbara Strozzi
-Studied under Francesco Cavalli at the Accademia degli Unisoni
-Published 8 sets of songs
-Used various poets for songs -
First Public Opera Theatre/Opera
-In Venice
-Arias became more common in the 1640s
-Monody
-Recitative
- Aria is an extended piece for a solo singer
-Choruses
-Short instrumental pieces for transitions in the drama -
The Coronation of Poppea
-Composed when he was 75: the genre was about 40 years old
-Early operas based on mythology – this is historical
-Premiered in Venice (1642)
-Nero is singing about Poppea, but she is singing about the crown -
Period: to
Heinrich Ignaz Franz von Biber
-Bohemian-Austrian composer and violinist
-One of the most important composers for the violin, especially in the -instrument’s early years
-Catholic sacred music, violin sonatas, and ensemble music -
Period: to
Arcangelo Corelli
-Italian composer -
Period: to
Henry Purcell
-Singer, organist, composer of instrumental and vocal music
-Worked in the court of Charles II (reigned 1660-85) when stage plays were again allowed
-Dido and Aeneas (1689)
-assimilated the musical styles of Europe: Italian operatic style
-Grand aspects of French music
-The lyric melodic quality of English song
-Wrote incidental music for plays -
Period: to
Alessandro Scarlatti
-father of composer Domenico Scarlatti
-teacher in Naples
-death marks a better indicator of the end of the Baroque than does Bach’s in 1750 -
Period: to
Elisabeth-Claude Jacquet
-de la Guerre -
Period: to
François Couperin
-French composer -
Period: to
Antonio Vivaldi
-Music director at the Pieta, an orphanage for girls in Venice
-Composed many operas, much sacred music, and many instrumental works
-Wrote almost 800 concertos of various types:
-60 ripieno concertos
-425 concerto grosso types
-350 solo concertos
-45 double concertos (mostly for 2 violins) -
Period: to
Georg Philip Telemann
-German composer
-Composed more than 125 orchestral suites
-Helped establish the French-style orchestral suite in Germany
-Published a collection called “Tafelmusik” in 1733
-Friends with J. S. Bach and the godfather of Bach’s eldest son, Carl Philipp Emanuel (1714-88) -
Period: to
Jean-Joseph Mouret
-One representative composer from this French court: served the son of King Louis XIV
-Composed operas, suites, and grand divertissements or entertainments
-Some of his works have been used for TV commercials -
Period: to
Domenico Scarlatti
-Keyboard virtuoso
-Served Portuguese and Spanish royal families
-Had progressive style
-Wrote over 500 sonatas for harpsichord, operas, cantatas, and keyboard exercises -
Period: to
G. F. Handel
-Orchestral suite
-A German composer living in England writing Italian music
-Water Music Performed for a royal party on the Thames River in London on July 17, 1717 (7/17/1717) -
Period: to
J.S. Bach
-Contrapunctus 1 from The Art of Fugue (1749)
-He wrote this collection at the end of his life, and it was not published (1751) until after his death (1750)
-Bach is undisputedly the greatest master of the fugue
-The Well-Tempered Clavier
-The Art of Fugue
-was very unhappy in Leipzig, Germany because no one else would accept him anywhere else
-wrote for 4 churches as well as ran their services
-was a virtuoso in every regard musically -
Le Quattro stagioni
-The Four Seasons
-Cycle of four violin concertos
-Word painting in instrumental music
-Each concerto is accompanied by a poem that he likely wrote -
End of Baroque Era