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3100 BCE
Lute
Lute, a chordophone was invented 3100 BC and originates from Ancient mesopoltania. https://www.britannica.com/art/lute ( Strings ) -
2000 BCE
Xylophone
The xylophone is from the percussion family it was invented in 801 and originated from South Asia
https://www.britannica.com/art/xylophone percussion -
1500 BCE
Trumpet
The trumpet is from the Brass family and was invented in 1500 BC and originates from ancient peru
https://www.britannica.com/art/trumpet -
900 BCE
Flute
The flute is from the woodwind family and was invented in 900 BC and originates from China
https://www.britannica.com/art/flute-musical-instrument -
300 BCE
Organ
The organ is from the percussion family and was invented in 300 BC and originates from Ancient Greece.
https://www.britannica.com/science/organ-biology -
901
Hurdy Gurdy
The Hurdy Gurdy is from the String family and was invented in 901 and originating from Spain
https://www.britannica.com/art/hurdy-gurdy -
1098
Hildegard of Bingen
Born on 1098 died on 17 September 1179) Hildegard was an active german composer philosopher and writer plus many more. A great achievement of hers was that she was recommended to be the founder of a scientific natural history in Germany
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hildegard_of_Bingen -
1098
Hildegard vin Bingen - Ordo virtutum
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1098
Gregorian Chant
Gregorian chant is one of the most significant forms of music from the medieval period. It was popular for its unaccompanied vocal music. It was named after Pope Gregory. A prominent composer for this style is Hildegard von Bingen. She composted songs that are notable for their beautiful and expressive melodies and spiritual depth.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorian_chant -
1150
Secular song
During the medieval period secular music began to rise in popularity alongside sacred music. The troubadours in southern France and trovers in northern France were poet-musicians who composed songs about love and life. A prominent composer of this style would be Bernart de Vent adorn. One of the most famous troubadours Bernards song's express themes of love and have been preserved in a lot of manuscripts. https://www.vaia.com/en-us/explanations/music/music-history/secular-songs/ -
1170
Organum
Organum represents an early form of polyphony that developed during the medieval period. It involves added one or more voices to a melody at fixed intervals, creating a beautiful melody. A prominent composer of this style would be Leonin. He was a key figure in early polyphony Leonin credited with developing organum at Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris and is known well for his works. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organum -
1200
Shawn
The shawn is from the woodwind family and was invented during the 13th century (1200) and originates from egpyt
https://www.britannica.com/art/shawm#:~:text=shawm%2C%20(from%20Latin%20calamus%2C,a%20precursor%20of%20the%20oboe. -
1200
Messe de Nostre Dame. 80 Guillaume de Machaut Mass
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1200
Sederunt Principes.
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1300
RECORDER
The recorder is from the woodwind family and was invented during the 14th century (1300) and originates from Europe.
https://www.britannica.com/art/recorder-musical-instrument -
1300
Guillaume de Machaut
Guillaume de Machaut born in 1300 and died in 1377 was a French composer and poet who was the central figure of a style in the medieval era of music, a great achievement of his was he was regarded as the best French composer of his time.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillaume_de_Machaut#Music -
1334
Francesco Landini
Francesco Landini born in.1325 or 1335 and died on 2 September 1397 was an Italian composer, poet, organist singer, and instrument maker that many loved, his being able to do so many things while making music was a great achievement that he did.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francesco_Landini -
1390
John Dunstaple
John Dunstaple born in 1390 died on 24 December 1453 was an English composer whose music helped music change from medieval to renissanse a great achievement of his was that he was the leading composer of his time and was a very influential composer.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Dunstaple -
1400
Harpischord
The Harpsichord is from the Percussion family and was invented during the 15th century (1400) and originates from Italy.
https://www.britannica.com/art/harpsichord -
1401
Sackbutt
The Sackbutt comes from the Brass family and was invented during the 15th century (1401) and originates from burgundy -
1450
Trumbone
The trombone comes from the Brass family and was invented during the 15th century (1400-1450) and originates from from germany -
1450
Josquin Lebloitte dit des Prez
Born 1450–1455, he died on 27 August 1521. He was an amazing composer during the Renaissance era and a singer. All of his compositions were mainly vocal, so many people would say he was a great singer.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josquin_des_Prez -
1470
Sacred Choral Music
This style of music was a dominant form during the Renaissance period. Mostly in the context of the catholic church. This style often featured polyphony where multiple independent melodies were put together at the same time, creating beautiful harmonies. A composer from this style would be Josquin des Prez, often regarded as the greatest composers of the renaissance era, His ability to convey emotion through music was unmatched.
https://www.scottlamlein.com/wiki-sacred-choral-music/ -
1501
VIolin
The Violin comes from the String family and was invented during the 16th century (1500) and originates from Italy. https://www.britannica.com/art/violin -
1501
Cello
The cello comes from the string family and was invented during the 16th century (1500) and originates from Italy
https://www.britannica.com/art/cello -
1530
Viola
The viola is from the string family and was invented during the 16th century (1500) and originates from Italy https://www.britannica.com/art/viola-musical-instrument -
1540
William Byrd
Born in 1539 or 1540, he died in 1598. He was a renowned organist and is said to be the greatest composer of the Renaissance Era.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Byrd -
1554
Giovanni Gabrieli
Born 1554/1557 died on 12 August 1612, he was a well-known composer from the renissanse era he was an Italian composer and an organist. People say he was the most influential musician of his time.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Gabrieli -
1560
Instrumental Music
When vocal music dominated the renaissance period, Instrumental music became popular, and composers began writing specifically for instruments rather than just arranging vocal pieces. A composer for this style would be Giovanni Gabrieli, known for his instrumental works that utilized brass instruments Gabrielis compositions laid out examples for later developments in orchestration.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumental -
1563
John Dowland
Born in 1563 – buried 20 February 1626 he was a renissanse composer, lutenist, and singer. He is known today for melancholy songs. He was well-known and respected for his amazing compositions.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Dowland -
1577
Secular Vocal Music
This style of music arose during the Renaissance as composers began to explore themes outside religious contexts. This included madrigals and chansons that expressed human emotions. A composer of this style is Thomas Morley, an English composer known for his madrigals, Morley's work helped popularize this genre in England, "The First Book of Madrigals" is a piece that's noteworthy.
https://middermusic.com/what-is-secular-music/ -
Clarinet
The clarinet comes from the Woodwind family and was invented during the 17th century (1600) and originates from Germany
https://www.britannica.com/art/clarinet -
Piano
The piano is from percussive chordophone and the piano was invented by Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655-1731) in Italy. https://www.yamaha.com/en/musical_instrument_guide/piano/structure/#:~:text=The%20piano%20was%20invented%20by,in%20around%20the%20year%201700. -
Johann Christian Bach
born on (5 September 1735 died on 1 January 1782)
Johann during 1762 he was a composer to the King’s Theatre in London where he wrote a lot of successful Italian operas and had the nickname "The English Bach"
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Christian_Bach -
Dmitry Bortniansky
Born on 28 October 1751 and died on 10 October 1825 (aged 73) Dmitry was compared or said to be as good as other famous opera players. He was a very influential composer during the classical era of music.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dmitry_Bortniansky -
Mozart
born on (27 January 1756 died on 5 December 1791) mozart was also a very influential composer during the classical period, he was regarded as the greatest composer of the classical period.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart -
Mozart Symphony N.40
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Symphony
The symphony is one of the most significant forms developed during the Classical period. It consists of four movements with varying tempos and moods. The first movement follows sonata form which includes exposition, development, and recapitulation. A composer of this style would be Mozart, Mozart's symphonies are celebrated for their beautiful melodic richness and structural innovation. He also composed 41 symphonies. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphony -
Fur Elise Classical Period
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Moonlight sonata Classical Period
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Opera
Opera became increasingly popular during the classical period because it combined music with drama to tell stories through song. This genre saw significant developments in music terms and thematic content. A composer for this style would be Mozart, his operas such as "The marriage of Figaro" is considered a masterpiece that blend humor with serious themes. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opera -
Beethoven
Born on 12/17/1770 and died on 3/26/1827 he was a renowned pianist and one of the most influential composers of the classical period.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven -
Chamber Music
Chamber Music involves a small group of instruments, typically one player per part, allowing for every player to play their own part. The string quartet is one of the most popular chamber ensembles from this period. A composer for this style would be Beethoven, Beethoven's contributions to chamber music include innovative string quartets that were impressive in terms of form and expression. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamber_music -
Piano Concerto no. 2 in C minor, op. 18: II. Adagio sostenuto
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HfPE3cgYyco
Romantic period -
Chopin: Nocturne No. 2 in E-Flat Major, Op. 9 No. 2
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p29JUpsOSTE
Romantic period -
Virtuoso Concertos Romantic Period
The romantic period saw an increase in virtuoso concertos showing people the prowess of solo instrumentalists. These compositions often featured elaborate passages that highlighted the skill of the people performing. Chopin a Polish composer and virtuoso pianist is renowned for his contributions to piano music particularly his concertos which exemplify the characteristics of the romantic style.
https://nationalphilharmonic.org/learning-engagement/learning-tools/chopin-the-virtuoso-resources/ -
Rachmaninoff: Symphony No. 2 in E Minor, Op. 27: III. Adagio
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QNRxHyZDU-Q
Romantic Period -
Program Music Romantic Period
Program music is instrumental music that is intended to show images and convey events smoothly. This style often tells a story of paints a picture through sound and music which lets composers express their ideas through their music. Hector Berlioz (1803-1869) was a French composer that was known for his innovative orchestration
https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Program_musicand dramatic compositions. -
Lieder
Lieder refers to German art songs typically written for solo voice accompanied by the piano. This style had poetic and deep meanings through music. Franz Schubert was said to be one of the most significant composers of the style Lieder during the romantic period. Schubert's lieder are characterized by their lyrical melodies, rich harmonic language and music that connects deep with a person. https://study.com/learn/lesson/composer-music-lied.html?msockid=07b27c1d899c62ad3aaa695688d06324 -
Frédéric Chopin
Born on 1 March 1810 and died on 17 October 1849, he was a Polish composer and virtuoso pianist of the Romantic period.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Chopin -
French Horn
The french horn comes from the brass family and was invented during the 19th century (1800) and originates from Germany
https://www.britannica.com/art/horn-musical-instrument-group -
Johannes Brahms
Born on 7 May 1833 and died on 3 April 1897 was a german composer and a virtuoso pianist and conductor for the Romantic period.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Brahms#/media/File:JohannesBrahms.jpg -
Tuba
The tuba comes from the Brass family and was invented in the 19th century (1800) and originates from Germany
https://www.britannica.com/art/tuba -
Antonín Dvořák
Born on 8 September 1841 died on 1 May 1904. Was a Czech composer of the Romantic period and frequently played rhythms and music of the Moravia.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton%C3%ADn_Dvo%C5%99%C3%A1k -
Saxophone
The saxophone comes from the Woodwind family and was invented in the 19th century (1800) and originates from Belgium
https://www.britannica.com/art/saxophone -
Amy Marcy Cheney Beach
Born on September 5, 1867, died on December 27, 1944, Amy Beach was an American composer and pianist. She was the first female successful composer of the Romantic era.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amy_Beach -
Congos
The Congos come from the percussion family and was invented during the 20th century (1900) and originates from Cuba
https://kids.britannica.com/students/article/conga-drum/320176
