-
100 BCE
Epitaph of Seikilos
Seikilos lived with his wife Euterpe in Tralles, a city located in Asia Minor, about thirty kilometers from the populous city of Ephesus. He had a significant fortune and could therefore devote himself to the study of the arts, among which music stood out, something that every educated Greek should know. -
Period: 476 to 1496
Middle age
From V century to XV century. -
670
Gregorian Chant
The Gregorian chant is traditionally a simple, monodic chant (that is, several people sing the same melody, in unison or with an octave difference) and with a defined text. It is sometimes called "plainsong" and its main purpose was liturgical, meaning that it was used exclusively for religious ceremonies. For this very reason, and because it took place during Mass, the original language was Latin. -
992
Guido d’Arezzo
He studied at the Benedictine abbey of Pomposa. Settled in Arezzo in 1025, he was in charge of teaching the singers of the cathedral. -
1150
Leonin
Léonin (flourished 12th century) was the leading liturgical composer of his generation, associated with the Notre Dame, or Parisian, school of composition. -
1151
Bernart de Ventadorn
Bernard de Ventadour was a Provençal troubadour whose poetry is considered the finest in the Provençal language. -
1178
Hildegard von Bingen
Hildegard von Bingen was a twelfth-century abbess with an exceptional career. Philosopher, theologian, composer, naturalist, scientist, poet... It is said that she was the precursor of opera, that she laid the foundations of sexology and that, if there is a figure that we often neglect in the history of science, it is undoubtedly this woman who shone with her own light in the Middle Ages. -
1221
Alfonzo X el Sabio
Alfonso X of Castile, called the Wise (Toledo, November 23, 12211 - Seville, April 4, 12842), was king of the Crown of Castile and the other titled kingdoms between 1252 and 1284. Upon the death of his father, Ferdinand III the Saint, he resumed the offensive against the Muslims and occupied Jerez (1253), Salé, the port of Rabat (1260) and conquered Cádiz (c. 1262). -
Period: 1250 to 1320
Ars Antiqua
The Ars Antiqua is a period in the history of music that spanned approximately the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. In this period, new and complex musical forms developed that lasted for several centuries. The word "ars" means art or skill, and "antiqua" refers to the ancient or old. -
1270
Perotin
French composer. Successor of his teacher Léonin or Leoninus, he is considered the most outstanding representative of the so-called School of Notre Dame de Paris, active during the thirteenth century and in which the polyphonic style began to take shape. -
1300
Guillaume de Machaut
Guillaume de Machaut (también Machault) (Machault?, Reims, c. 1300 – Reims, abril de 1377) fue un clérigo, poeta y compositor medieval francés. Su proyección fue enorme y es históricamente el máximo representante del movimiento conocido como Ars nova, siendo considerado el más célebre compositor del siglo XIV. Contribuyó al desarrollo del motete y de la canción secular. Compuso la Messe de Nostre. -
Period: 1320 to 1399
Ars Nova
Ars Nova is the name given to the music of the fourteenth century in Western Europe. The term is used to distinguish this era from music that had been composed earlier, known as Ars Antiqua. -
1325
Francesco Landini.
Francesco Landini or Landino (c. 1325 – 2 September 1397) was an Italian composer, organist, singer, poet, instrument maker and astrologer. He was one of the most famous and admired composers of the second half of the 14th century and certainly the most famous composer in Italy. -
1468
Johannes Gutenberg
Johannes Gutenberg (born 14th century, Mainz [Germany]—died probably February 3, 1468, Mainz) was a German craftsman and inventor who originated a method of printing from movable type. -
1500
Cristóbal de Morales
Cristóbal de Morales (c. 1500 – between 4 September and 7 October 1553) was a Spanish composer of the Renaissance. He is generally considered to be the most influential Spanish composer before Tomás Luis de Victoria. -
1507
Martín Luther
Luther was ordained to the priesthood in 1507. He came to reject several teachings and practices of the Roman Catholic Church; in particular, he disputed the view on indulgences. Luther attempted to resolve these differences amicably, first proposing an academic discussion of the practice and efficacy of indulgences in Ninety-five -
1510
Antonio de Cabezón
Antonio de Cabezón (30 March 1510 – 26 March 1566) was a Spanish Renaissance composer and organist. Blind from childhood, he quickly rose to prominence as a performer and was eventually employed by the royal family. He was among the most important composers of his time and the first major Iberian keyboard composer. -
1526
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (between 3 February 1525 and 2 February 1526 – 2 February 1594) was an Italian composer of late Renaissance music. The central representative of the Roman School, with Orlande de Lassus and Tomás Luis de Victoria, Palestrina is considered the leading composer of late 16th-century Europe. -
1529
Juan del Encina
uan del Encina (12 July 1468 – 1529/1530)was a composer, poet, priest, and playwright,[2]: 535 often credited as the joint-father (even "founder" or "patriarch") of Spanish drama, alongside Gil Vicente. His birth name was Juan de Fermoselle. He spelled his name Enzina, but this is not a significant difference; it is two spellings of the same sound, in a time when "correct spelling" as we know it barely existed. -
1531
Andrea Gabrieli
Andrea Gabrieli (1532/1533 – August 30, 1585) was an Italian composer and organist of the late Renaissance. The uncle of the somewhat more famous Giovanni Gabrieli, he was the first internationally renowned member of the Venetian School of composers, and was extremely influential in spreading the Venetian style in Italy as well as in Germany. -
1532
Orlando di Lasso
This is the first full-length survey in English of the music of the Flemish composer Orlando di Lasso, one of the most important musical figures of the later 1500s. Eleven essays discuss Lasso's sacred and secular music from many perspectives, including close analysis of the music as well as broader considerations of its position in society, commerce, and liturgy. The influence of Lasso's music on other composers is another major theme in the book. -
1544
Maddalena Casulana
Maddalena Casulana (c. 1544 – c. 1590) was an Italian composer, lutenist and singer of the late Renaissance. She is the first female composer to have had a whole book of her music printed and published in the history of western music, dedicated to her female patron Isabella de' Medici. -
1548
Tomás Luis de Victoria
Tomás Luis de Victoria was a Catholic priest, choirmaster and famous polyphonic composer of the Spanish Renaissance. He has been considered one of the most relevant and advanced composers of his time, with an innovative style that announced the imminent Baroque. -
1554
Giovanni Gabrieli
Giovanni Gabrieli (c. 1554/1557 – 12 August 1612) was an Italian composer and organist. He was one of the most influential musicians of his time, and represents the culmination of the style of the Venetian School, at the time of the shift from Renaissance to Baroque idioms. -
1566
Carlo Gesualdo
Carlo Gesualdo da Venosa (between 8 March 1566 and 30 March 1566 – 8 September 1613) was an Italian nobleman and composer. Though both the Prince of Venosa and Count of Conza, he is better known for writing madrigals and pieces of sacred music that use a chromatic language not heard again until the late 19th century. He is also known for killing his first wife and her aristocratic lover upon finding them in flagrante delicto. -
1567
Claudio Monteverdi
Claudio Giovanni Antonio Monteverdi (baptized 15 May 1567 – 29 November 1643) was an Italian composer, choirmaster and string player. A composer of both secular and sacred music, and a pioneer in the development of opera, he is considered a crucial transitional figure between the Renaissance and Baroque periods of music history. -
Giacomo Carissimi
Giacomo Carissimi baptized 18 April 1605 – 12 January 1674) was an Italian composer and music teacher. He is one of the most celebrated masters of the early Baroque or, more accurately, the Roman School of music. Carissimi established the characteristic features of the Latin oratorio and was a prolific composer of masses, motets, and cantatas. He was highly influential in musical developments in northern European countries through his pupils. -
Henry Purcel
Henry Purcell (born c. 1659, London, England—died November 21, 1695, London) was an English composer of the middle Baroque period, most remembered for his more than 100 songs; a tragic opera, Dido and Aeneas; and his incidental music to a version of Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream called The Fairy Queen. -
Barbara Strozzi
Barbara Strozzi (also called Barbara Valle; baptised 6 August 1619 – 11 November 1677) was an Italian composer and singer of the Baroque Period. During her lifetime, Strozzi published eight volumes of her own music, and had more secular music in print than any other composer of the era.[1] This was achieved without support from the Church or consistent patronage from the nobility. -
Antonio Vivaldi
Antonio Lucio Vivaldi(4 March 1678 – 28 July 1741) was an Italian composer, virtuoso violinist and impresario of Baroque music Along with Johann Sebastian Bach and George Frideric Handel, Vivaldi ranks amongst the greatest Baroque composers and his influence during his lifetime was widespread across Europe, giving origin to many imitators and admirers. He pioneered many developments in orchestration, violin technique and programmatic music. -
George Philipp Telemann
Georg Philipp Telemann was a German Baroque composer. He is one of the most prolific composers in history, at least in terms of surviving oeuvre. Telemann was considered by his contemporaries to be one of the leading German composers of the time, and he was compared favourably both to his friend Johann Sebastian Bach, who made Telemann the godfather and namesake of his son Carl Philipp Emanuel, and to George Frideric Handel, whom Telemann also knew personally. -
Johann Sebastian Bach
Johann Sebastian Bach (31 March [O.S. 21 March] 1685 – 28 July 1750) was a German composer and musician of the late Baroque period. He is known for his prolific output across a variety of instruments and forms, including orchestral music such as the Brandenburg Concertos; solo instrumental works such as the cello suites and sonatas and partitas for solo violin. -
Georg Friedrich Händel
George Frideric Handel (/ˈhændəl/ HAN-dəl; baptised Georg Fried[e]rich Händel,German: [ˈɡeːɔʁk ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈhɛndl̩] ; 23 February 1685 – 14 April 1759) was a German-British Baroque composer well-known for his operas, oratorios, anthems, concerti grossi, and organ concertos. Handel received his training in Halle and worked as a composer in Hamburg and Italy before settling in London in 1712, where he spent the bulk of his career and became a naturalised British subject in 1727. -
Period: to
Stradivarius
A Stradivarius is one of the string instruments, such as violins, violas, cellos, and guitars, crafted by members of the Stradivari family, particularly Antonio Stradivari, in Cremona, Italy, during the late 17th and early 18th centuries. These instruments are known for their craftsmanship, tonal quality, and lasting legacy, and are considered some of the finest ever made. Stradivari's violins, in particular, are coveted by musicians and collectors, with many selling for millions of dollars. -
Ado
Ado is a Japanese singer and songwriter. In 2020, at the age of 17, she debuted with "Usseewa", which peaked at number 1 on Billboard Japan Hot 100, Oricon Digital Singles Chart, Oricon Streaming Chart. The song reached 100 million plays on Billboard Japan within 17 weeks of charting, which was the sixth fastest in history and the youngest for a solo singer. In 2022, her song"New Genesis" was used as the theme song for One Piece Film: Red and topped Apple Music's Global Top 100 charts.