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Period: to
John Philip Sousa
John Philip Sousa was an American composer who promoted the American Wind-Band transition in the U.S., as well as in Europe.
He wrote many pieces of music, but he is most known for his marches such as: "Stars and Stripes" (1896)
"The Washington Post" (1888) -
Period: to
Charles Ives
Charles Ives was an American composer who was regarded by many as one of the greater American composers of the first half of the 20th century. Unfortunately, he did not get famous for his music until after his death. Some of his works include:
"The Unanswered Question" (1906) Ives thought that future music would be atonal. -
Period: to
Arnold Schoenberg
Arnold Schoenberg was an Austrian- American composer who was known for creating new methods of musical composition revolving around atonality (Serialism and the 12 -Tone Row). Some of his most famous include: "A Survivor from Warsaw"
"Gurre-Lieder" -
Period: to
Maurice Ravel
Joseph Maurice Ravel was a French composer, pianist, and conductor. He is often associated with impressionism and his musical craftmanship.
Some of his works include:
" Bolero " (1928)
"Mioirs" (1904-1905) -
Period: to
R. Nathaniel Dett
R. Nathaniel Dett was a Canadian- American composer, pianist, and choral director. He was the first black American to complete the Bachelor of Music degree at Oberlin (1908), and toured as a concert pianist and wrote rudimentary piano compositions.
Some of his works include:
"In the Bottoms" (1913) -
Period: to
Igor Stravinsky
Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky was a Russian composer, pianist and conductor. He rose to fame in the early 1900s because of his Ballet Russes, including the controversial The Rite of Spring.
Some more of his works include:
"Petrushka" (1911)
"The Firebird" (1910) -
Period: to
Nadia Boulanger
Nadia Boulanger is regarded as the most influential teacher of the 20th century. Although her sister Lili Boulanger was the better composer and pianist, Nadia went to teach the likes of Copland, Berkeley, and Carter. -
Period: to
Sergei Prokiev
Sergei Sergeyevich Prokofiev was a Russian-Soviet composer, pianist, and conductor. He is known for writing a wide range of musical genres, including symphonies, film music, operas, ballets, and concerti.
Some of his compositions include:
"Romeo and Juliet" (1935)
"Peter and the Wolf" (1936) -
Period: to
Arthur Honegger
Arthur Honegger is a Swiss composer, who was born in France and is regarded as being part of "Les Six" He produced many compositions of all mediums, most of them being on commission.
Some of his works include:
"Jeanne d'Arc au bucher" (1938)
"A Christmas Cantata" (1958) -
Period: to
Darius Milhaud
Darius Milhaud was a French composer, conductor, and teacher. He is known for being part of "Les Six", and a rejecter of Impressionism. His compositions were inspired by American Jazz.
Some of his works include:
"Scaramouche"
"Saudades do Brasil" (1917-18) -
Period: to
Germaine Tailleferre
Germaine Tailleferre was a French composer and the only female to be regarded as being part of "Les Six", France's 6 most influential composers at the time. She was encouraged and inspired by her friends, including Poulenc and Ravel, to continue composing.
Some of her works include:
"Les maries de la tour Eiffel" (1921)
"La Petite Sirene" (1958) -
Period: to
William Grant Still
William Grant Still was an American composer and was the first African American to conduct a professional symphony orchestra in the United States. He wrote over 200 works, including symphonies, ballets, art songs, choral works, chamber music, and solos.
Some of his works include:
"Three Visions" (1935)
"Troubled Island" (1949) -
Period: to
Henry Cowell
Henry Cowell was an American composer who, with Charles Ives, was Among the most innovative American composers of the 20th century. He taught at Princeton University and won a Pulitzer Prize.
His works include:
"The Banshee"
"Tides of Manaunaun" (1917) -
Period: to
George Gershwin
George Gershwin was an American composer and pianist who blended both classical and popular genres together for his works. He wrote primarily for the Boradway musical theatre, but also did orchestral and piano compositions.
Some of his works include:
"Summertime" (1935)
"Rhapsody in Blue" (1924) -
Period: to
Georges Auric
Georges Auric is a French Neo-Classicist composer and is regarded as being a part of "Les Six". He was known for being a music journalist as well as composing film music.
Some of his works include:
"It's April Again" (1953)
"La Guirlande de Campra" (1952) -
Period: to
Francis Poulenc
Francis Poulenc was a French composer who was also a part of "Les Six" during his lifetime. Although he is self taught, he had musical tutors and wrote a variety of works. His partner, Pierre Bernac, premiered in many of his songs.
Some of his compositions include:
"Dialogues of the Carmelites" (1956)
"La voix humaine" (1958) -
Period: to
Louis Durey
Louis Durey was a French composer with 116 pieces and regarded as being part of "Les Six". He is particularly known for being self-taught and "anti-war".
Some of his compositions include:
"Attelage"
"Romance Sans paroles, op.21" -
Genres Generally Composed
- Jazz
- Operettas
- Rock and Roll
- Musical Comedy
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Musical Stylistic Traits During this period
Diegetic sound (or music):
Music or sound heard by the characters in the film
Non- Diegetic (sometimes called, extra- diegetic):
Music or sound heard by the audience, but not by the characters
Aleatoric
Serialism
Blues: Strict harmonic pattern
Polytonality
Lyrical Expression
Comedic Elements
Rhythmic drive -
The Start of the Post 1900s Era
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Period: to
Aaron Copland
Aaron Copland was an American composer, teacher, critic, conductor, and a sponsor of concerts. He composed a variety of genres but not a huge amount of works. Though his style was mostly tonal, he did write atonal though it wasn't as popular. Some of his compositions include:
"Fanfare for the Common Man" (1942)
"El Salon Mexico" (1936) -
Period: to
Dmitri Shostakovich
Dmitri Dmitriyevich Shostakovich was a Soviet composer and pianist and is renowned particularly for his 15 symphonies and numerous chamber works, many of which were written under the government-imposed standards of Soviet-art.
Some of his Compositions include:
"Festive Overture" (1954)
"Symphony No.5" (1937) -
Period: to
World War 1
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Period: to
Leonard Bernstein
Leonard Bernstein was a conductor, composer, teacher, pianist, lecturer, and TV personality. He is known for his accomplishments in both popular and classical music, his flair, and his flamboyant conducting style.
His most famous works include:
"I Feel Pretty" from West Side Story
"Make Our Garden Grown" From Candid -
Period: to
The Harlem Renaissance
The Harlem Renaissance was a cultural and intellectual revival of African American music, literature, fashion, and politics, all centered in Harlem, Manhattan, New York City. It lasted from 1918, to the mid 1930s. -
Period: to
John Williams
John Towner Williams is an American composer, conductor, pianist, and trombonist. He well known for his lush symphonic style, which revived symphonic film scores back after sythesizers had started to become the norm. He is also very widely known for his Film music.
Some of this includes.
"Star Wars (Main Title)" (1977)
"E.T. The Flying Theme)" -
Period: to
World War 2
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Vinyl Record / Record Player Invented
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Period: to
The Vietnam War
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West Side Story released in U.S.
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Cassette Tape Invented
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The Walkman was Invented
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The Commercial Compact Disc was invented